Functional asymmetry in postural control: Influencing factors, effects of and adaptations to training

姿势控制中的功能不对称是由于在执行特定的要求平衡的任务时广泛使用一条腿而不是另一条腿，例如在足球中(例如，站立腿的平衡能力优于踢腿)，与成绩和受伤相关的结果呈负相关。先前关于姿势控制中的功能不对称的研究揭示了关于被调查参与者和平衡任务特征的方法论限制。这就使得很难得出调节变量对姿势控制中功能不对称的影响的结论。因此，本方案的第一个目标是通过生物力学分析(力量盘)对个体(即运动类型/运动专长水平)、任务相关(即平衡任务专用性水平)和环境因素(平衡任务难度水平)影响姿势控制中功能不对称的系统分析。上述功能不对称对成绩和健康相关变量的负面影响表明需要进行干预研究以减少不对称。然而，单侧平衡训练(BT)与BT和多体测量训练相结合的训练对姿势控制中功能不对称的影响及其适应过程还知之甚少。因此，我们的第二个目标是确定前面提到的训练计划对平衡和运动表现的测量以及伴随的适应过程的影响，使用肌电图法。

Functional asymmetry in postural control due to the extensive use of one limb over the other during the execution of specific balance-demanding tasks as for example in soccer (e.g., superior balance performance of the standing leg compared to the kicking leg) are negatively associated with performance- and injury-related outcomes. Previous studies that investigated functional asymmetry in postural control revealed methodological limitations regarding the investigated participants and balance task characteristics. This makes it difficult to derive statements on the influence of moderating variables on functional asymmetry in postural control. Thus, the first objective of this proposal is a systematic analysis of individual (i.e., type of sport/level of sport expertise), task-related (i.e., level of balance task specificity), and environmental factors (i.e., level of balance task difficulty) affecting functional asymmetry in postural control by means of biomechanical analysis (force plate).The aforementioned negative effects of functional asymmetry on performance- and health-related variables indicate the need for intervention studies to reduce asymmetries. However, the effects and adaptive processes of a single-mode unilateral balance training (BT) versus combined BT and plyometric training on functional asymmetry in postural control are poorly understood. Thus, our second objective is to determine the impact of the training programs mentioned before on measures of balance and athletic performance as well as the accompanied adaptive process using electromyography.