High speed test bench

几十年来，由于缺乏电力电子设备，用于驱动旋转机器的三相电动机的速度仅限于3，000 rpm及以下，这导致了点优化单元。只有在20世纪90年代，随着可靠的低成本电力电子设备的出现，才有可能以其他速度驱动电机，而不必使用在许多方面都不利的变速箱或易磨损的直流电机。通过变频器，三相电机现在可以达到3,000 rpm以上的速度。根据不同的应用，对于工具主轴，这可能是10，000 l/min，对于电动牙钻或电动涡轮增压器，甚至超过100，000 l/min。这样的高速具有各种优点，例如在资源利用方面的显著改进（通过在相同功率下的更高速度来减小尺寸）或通过消除齿轮箱来提高效率、动力学、使用寿命和成本。然而，由于该过程，高速也可能是必要的或有利的，例如在涡轮压缩机（燃料电池增压器或废气涡轮增压器）、分子真空泵、高速车削和铣削应用、用于飞轮减速器的电动发电机、用于微型燃气轮机或离心驱动器的发电机中。申请人的工作组已经在研究由特殊材料制成的电动机，与传统实现的电动机相比，这些电动机具有更低的损耗，特别是在高速和高频下。共同申请人正在研究：（一）高速变频器，这是非常好的驱动高速电动机;（二）CFRP（碳纤维增强塑料）绷带，用于吸收高速应用中转子上的离心力;（三）CFRP部件，如轴，将接受高速测试，然后进行超声波检测，以进行机械测试。申请人和共同申请人的工作组在研究重点“高效技术系统”方面密切合作。目前，高速应用的研究工作受到缺乏高速测试台的限制，无法在现实条件下测试和优化开发的解决方案，也无法获得新项目。因此，需要采购一个适当的大型装置。它由机架、四象限运行的主动负载机、高性能齿轮箱和高精度测量装置（如扭矩传感器、测振仪、电流互感器Transformer）等主要部件组成。该大型设备大大扩展了研究重点“高效技术系统”的性能范围，可供所有附属工作组和研究所使用。

For decades, three-phase electric motors for driving rotating machines were limited to speeds of 3,000 rpm and below due to the lack of power electronics, which resulted in point-optimized units. It was only with the availability of reliable, low-cost power electronics in the 1990s that it became possible to drive the electric machine at other speeds without having to use a gearbox, which is disadvantageous in many respects, or wear-prone DC motors. With frequency converters, three-phase motors can now reach speeds beyond 3,000 rpm. Depending on the application, this can be several 10,000 1/min for tool spindles, and even more than 100,000 1/min for electric dental drills or electric turbochargers. Such high speeds have various advantages, such as the significant improvement in the use of resources (size reduction through higher speeds with the same power) or the improvement in efficiency, dynamics, service life and costs through the elimination of the gearbox. However, a high speed can also be necessary or advantageous due to the process, for example in turbo compressors (fuel cell chargers or exhaust gas turbochargers), turbomolecular vacuum pumps, high-speed turning and milling applications, motor-generators for flywheel accumulators, generators for micro gas turbines or centrifuge drives. The applicant's working group is already researching electric motors made of special materials that have lower losses compared to conventionally realized electric motors, especially at high speeds and frequencies. The co-applicants are researching: (i) high-speed frequency converters, which are excellent for driving high-speed electric motors; (ii) CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic) bandages for absorbing centrifugal forces on rotors in high-speed applications; (iii) CFRP components such as shafts, which are to be subjected to a high-speed test followed by ultrasonic detection for mechanical testing. The working groups of the applicant and co-applicants cooperate closely in the research focus "Highly efficient technical systems". The research work on high-speed applications is currently limited by the lack of a high-speed test bench to test and optimise the solutions developed under realistic conditions and to acquire new projects. A suitable large-scale device is therefore to be procured. It consists of the main components machine frame, active load machine in 4-quadrant operation, high-performance gearbox and high-precision measuring devices (such as torque sensor, vibration meter, current transformer). The large-scale device significantly expands the performance spectrum of the research focus "Highly Efficient Technical Systems" and can be used by all affiliated working groups and in-institutes.