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An Ethnological Study of Body Communication

身体交流的民族学研究

基本信息

批准号：
09041043
负责人：
NOMURA Masaichi
金额：
$ 10.05万
依托单位：
National Museum of Ethnology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09041043/
关键词：
body communication synchrony coaction body technique greeting dance mime 子どもコミニュケーション舞踏椅子

项目摘要

Althoug humans in society are creatures with bodies, the body as a means of communication has been studied hitherto very little and almost only from the experimental psychologist view point. In this study we investigated the fundamental conditions of body communication in natural social envinonnments of culturally diverse societies in the world, focusing on the touching, bodily coactions and interactional syuchrony. We tried to study the greeting behavior on encounters, and we discovered that the greeting in everyday life is not universal and that in such societies as Italyand Greece when the greeting by touch is obligatory there is a tendency to avoid touching even among acquantances. This fact implies that touch is essential to the human communication.We confirmed on the other hand that the he bodily coaction and synchronization are on the other hand ubiquitous. They are found in every society we studied, but we found out also that they are not simple physiological phenomena. Their occurrence depends very much on culturally determined contexts, and as culture changes radically worldwide there are cases in which they lose communicational function and meaning. But still we are impressed by the frequency and depth of interactional synchrony over the world.As the bodily coaction and synchroy are cultural, they can be seen as body technique. During our investigation we also made observations and visual documentation of professional performers belonging to various cultures in order to find the logic and possibilities of human body communication.

尽管社会中的人是有身体的生物，但迄今为止，对身体作为一种交流手段的研究很少，而且几乎只是从实验心理学家的角度进行的。在本研究中，我们调查了世界上不同文化社会的自然社会环境中身体交流的基本条件，重点是触摸，身体互动和互动同步。我们试图研究相遇时的问候行为，我们发现日常生活中的问候并不普遍，在意大利和希腊等社会中，当触摸问候是强制性的时，甚至在熟人之间也有避免触摸的趋势。这一事实意味着，触摸是必不可少的人类交流。我们证实了另一方面，他的身体的相互作用和同步是无处不在的。在我们研究的每个社会中都有，但我们也发现，它们不是简单的生理现象。它们的出现在很大程度上取决于文化背景，随着世界范围内文化的急剧变化，它们在某些情况下失去了传播功能和意义。但我们仍然对世界范围内的身体互动同步的频率和深度印象深刻，因为身体互动和同步是文化的，所以可以被视为身体技术。在我们的调查中，我们还对来自不同文化的专业表演者进行了观察和视觉记录，以找到人体沟通的逻辑和可能性。