Effects of Aerosol Particles on Atmospheric Environment

气溶胶颗粒对大气环境的影响

• 批准号: 09044161
• 负责人: KASAHARA Mikio
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09044161/
• 关键词: Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric environmental effects; Global warming; cooling; Fog and raindrops; Fixation of liquid particles; Elemental analysis; Acid deposition; Long-range transport model; 元素濃度; PIXE分析; エアロゾル粒子; 大気環境; 元素状炭素; 有機炭素; 酸性

Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in environmental problem. To evaluate the effects of aerosol on atmospheric environment, the three works : (1) Physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols, (2) Global warming/cooling effects of atmospheric aerosols, (3) Mechanism of acid rain/acid deposition, were carried out during 1997-1999.1. Characteristics of atmospheric aerosolsPhysical and chemical properties were investigated under the various meteorological and environmental conditions. The particle size distribution of mass was expressed always as a bimodal distribution that was divided into fine and coarse fraction at around 1-2μm. The size distribution of each chemical component was classified into three types : single modal distribution within either fine or coarse fraction and the bimodal one as well as total mass. Water solubility of aerosols depended strongly upon their elemental components. Although Fe, Si and Ti showed high insolubility, almost whole of S a … More nd Cl dissolved.2. Global warming/cooling effects of atmospheric aerosolsThe simultaneous measurements of aerosol properties and radiation were performed as the campaign experiments at ground in 1998 and at both ground and aircraft in 2000, as well as the routine measurement. The radiative forcing was calculated from radiation and aerosol data. The average radiative forcing in Kyoto and Nagoya were -1.5 and +3.3W/mィイD12ィエD1, respectively. The difference in their values originates in the difference of chemical composition, i.e. optical property of aerosols.3. Mechanisms of acid rain/acid depositionThe sampling method and treatment procedures to fix fog-and rain-droplets were investigated and the elemental analysis of the fixed single particle was tried applying PIXE and micro-PIXE analyses. Liquid particles were easily fixed by either exposing to cyanoacrylate vapor or freezing method. The elemental concentrations in single raindrop were obtained as a function of raindrop diameter. The concentrations in raindrop were extremely high at the begging of rain. Less

大气气溶胶在环境问题中起着重要作用。为了评价气溶胶对大气环境的影响，1997- 1999年开展了三项工作：（1）大气气溶胶的物理化学特征;（2）大气气溶胶的全球增冷效应;（3）酸雨/酸沉降的机理。大气气溶胶的特性研究了不同气象条件和环境条件下气溶胶的物理和化学特性。质量的粒度分布始终表示为双峰分布，在1-2μm左右分为细和粗部分。各化学组分的粒度分布可分为三种类型：粗粒级和细粒级的单峰分布和总质量的双峰分布。气溶胶的水溶性很大程度上取决于其元素组成。虽然Fe、Si和Ti表现出很高的不溶性，但几乎所有的S ...更多信息 和Cl溶解。1998年和2000年分别在地面和飞机上进行了气溶胶特性和辐射的同时测量，并进行了常规测量。辐射强迫由辐射和气溶胶资料计算。京都和名古屋的平均辐射强迫分别为-1.5和+3.3W/m·hm ~ 2·hm ~ 2·hm ~ 2·hm ~ 2·hm ~ 1。其数值的差异源于气溶胶的化学组成即光学性质的差异.酸雨/酸沉降机理研究了固定雾和雨滴的取样方法和处理过程，并尝试了用PIXE和Micro-PIXE分析固定单个颗粒的元素分析。通过暴露于氰基丙烯酸酯蒸汽或冷冻方法，液体颗粒易于固定。得到了单个雨滴中元素浓度随雨滴直径的变化关系。降雨前雨滴浓度极高。少

项目成果

笠原三紀夫: "大気環境研究へのPIXE法の応用" 放射線. 23・4. 87-96 (1997)

Mikio Kasahara：“PIXE方法在大气环境研究中的应用”辐射23・4。

M.Kasahara: "Wet Scavenging of Atmospheric Aerosols by Rain Water"Abstracts of 17th Annual AAAR Confernce. 15 (1998)

M.Kasahara：“雨水对大气气溶胶的湿式清除”第 17 届 AAAR 会议摘要。

M.Kasahara: "Single particle analysis-Its importance in aerosol research"Abstracts of First Asia Aerosol Cnference. 136-137 (1999)

M.Kasahara：“单颗粒分析-其在气溶胶研究中的重要性”第一届亚洲气溶胶会议摘要。

M.Kasahara(分担): "Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols"Lewis Publisher. (1999)

M.Kasahara（贡献者）：“气溶胶分析化学”Lewis Publisher（1999）。

H. Horvath, L. Catalan, A. Trier: "A Study of the Aerosol of Santiago de Chile III Light Absorption Measurements"Atmospheric Environment. 31. 3737-3744 (1997)

H. Horvath、L. Catalan、A. Trier：“智利圣地亚哥气溶胶研究 III 光吸收测量”大气环境。