Development of Micro-Analysis for Simultaneous Multi-elements measurement of Environmental Samples

环境样品多元素同时测量微分析技术的发展

• 批准号: 07558075
• 负责人: KASAHARA Mikio
• 金额: $ 4.35万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07558075/
• 关键词: Micro-elemental analysis; PIXE method; PIGE method; Atmospheric aerosols; Rain-water; Spectrum analysis; Dry and wet deposition; XAFS method; 内標準法; 環境微量汚染物質; 大気エアロゾル; PIXEスペクトル; 軽元素分析; 混合標準試料

The best sampling and measurement conditions for the PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) and PIGE (Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission) analyzes were investigated, especially in order to apply to the micro-analysis of samples collected in environment.1.Preparation of standard samples and calibration of PIXE :Two kinds of standard samples were prepared. They were used to establish the calibration method of the PIXE analysis and to test the sensitivity and accuracy of the PIXE analysis. It was confirsed that the elements with the atomic number larger than 19 (K) could be measured with high accuracy up to ng order.2.Sampling and handling procedure for PIXE analysis of atmospheric aerosols and liquid sample :Atmospheric aerosols are recommended to be classified at least into the fine and coarse fractions in the sampling. A two staked filter sampling method and a low pressure cascade impactor method were adopted for the 2 and 12 size ranges sampling, respectively. A part of aerosol samples and all of the liquid samples were divided into the soluble and insoluble fractions. Sampling and handling procedure proposed in this study was applied to study the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols and the dry and wet deposition mechanisms of air pollutants.3.Basic studies on the micro-analysis of lighter elements by PIGE :An irradiation chamber for the PIGE analysis was designed and produced. Using this chamber, the gammaray yield from the NaCl samples with different concentrations, the density distribution of carbon in wood samples and the discrimination of isotope were tested.4.Development of computer program to analyze the PIXE spectrum :Computer program that calculate the sensitivity surve, detection limit, mass thickness and the elemental concentration of samples was developed. It can cope with any sampling conditions and any irradiation and measurement conditions at the PIXE analysis.

研究了PIXE（Particle Induced X-ray Emission）和PIGE（Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission）分析的最佳取样和测量条件，特别是为了应用于环境样品的微量分析。1.标准样品的制备和PIXE的校准：制备了两种标准样品。建立了PIXE分析的定标方法，并对PIXE分析的灵敏度和准确度进行了检验。2.大气气溶胶和液体样品PIXE分析的取样和处理程序：建议大气气溶胶在取样时至少分为细颗粒和粗颗粒。分别采用双柱过滤器采样法和低压级联冲击器法对2个和12个粒径范围进行采样。将部分气溶胶样品和全部液体样品分为可溶性组分和不溶性组分。本研究提出的采样和处理程序用于研究大气气溶胶的特性和大气污染物的干、湿沉降机理。3. PIGE微量轻元素分析的基础研究：设计并制作了PIGE分析用辐照室。利用该电离室，对不同浓度NaCl样品的γ射线产额、木材样品中碳的密度分布以及同位素的分辨力进行了测试。4. PIXE谱分析计算机程序的开发：编制了计算灵敏度曲线、检出限、质量厚度和样品元素浓度的计算机程序。它可以科普PIXE分析中的任何取样条件和任何辐照和测量条件。

项目成果

Mikio Kasahara: "Characterization of atmospheric aerosols separated by particle size and water solubility using PIXE analysis" Nuclear Instruments & Methods. (印刷中). (1996)

Mikio Kasahara：“使用 PIXE 分析按粒径和水溶性来表征大气气溶胶”《核仪器与方法》（出版中）。

Yintang Li: "Analysis of acid rain 1991-1995 and regional climate in South China" 大気環境学会誌. 33・1. 50-59 (1998)

李印堂：“1991-1995年酸雨与华南区域气候分析”，大气环境学会学报33・1（1998）。

笠原三紀夫: "大気環境研究へのPIXE法の応用" 放射線. 23・4. 87-96 (1997)

Mikio Kasahara：“PIXE方法在大气环境研究中的应用”辐射23・4。

Mikio Kasahara: "Physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric" Proc.of the Korean Air Pollution Research Association. 18-23 (1996)

Mikio Kasahara：“大气的物理和化学特征”Proc. of the Korean Air Pollution Research Association。

笠原三紀夫: "液体標準試料を用いたPIXE分析検量用標準試料" 京都大学原子核工学科室放射実験室成果報告書. 130-132 (1995)

Mikio Kasahara：“使用液体标准样品进行 PIXE 分析和校准的标准样品”京都大学核工程系，辐射实验室结果报告 130-132（1995）。