Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosols and Effects on Global Warming/Cooling

大气气溶胶的特征及其对全球变暖/变冷的影响

• 批准号: 11480138
• 负责人: KASAHARA Mikio
• 金额: $ 5.38万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11480138/
• 关键词: Atmospheric aerosols; Physicochemical properties; micro-PIXE; Individual analysis; optical property; Radiative forcing; Yellow sand (Kosa); Simulation of transportation; 元素状炭素; 地球温暖化; 冷却化効果; 散乱係数; 吸収係数; 相対湿度; 冷却化響; 湿度; ネフェロメータ

1. Characteristics of atmospheric aerosols : Atmospheric aerosols were collected under the various environmental and meteorological conditions and measured particle size distribution and chemical components. Mass size distribution of atmospheric aerosols is always described by a bimodal distribution. The bottom between fine and coarse particles exists around 1.5μm. Particle size distribution with each element is classified into three types. In general, S, Zn and Pb skewed to the smaller size range and had only one peak in the fine particle region. Si, Ca, Fe and Ti skewed to the larger size range and had nearly one peak in the coarse particle region. Mn, K, V and Cu were represented as the bimodal distribution. The solubility in water depends strongly on the elemental composition. The coarse particles have higher insolubility comparing with the fine particles2. Aerosol characteristics and solar radiation : Physicochemical properties of atmospheric aerosols and various kinds of solar ra … More diations are simultaneously measured for 3 years at Uji. Also, campaign observations of aerosols and radiations have been carried on at Nagoya in March, 1999, at Shirahama, in April, 2000, and at Tango peninsula, Uji and Cheju island in Korea between March and April, 2001 under the cooperation with ACE-Asia. Optical properties of aerosols,depend on particle size and chemical composition. The long-term average of radiative forcing at Uji was -1.5W/m2. It means cooling effect of atmospheric aerosols. On the other hand, atmospheric aerosols at Nagoya in which black carbon particles occupied more than half showed warming effects3. Modeling of transportation and deposition of yellow sand and their effects of radiation : A long-range transport model was developed. The concentration and deposition fluxes of sulfur, nitrogen compounds and particulate matter in East Asia were estimated using the model. The effects of yellow sand on global warming/cooling will be evaluated using the three dimensional distribution of the estimated soil dust concentration. Less

1.大气气溶胶的特征：在各种环境和气象条件下收集了大气气溶胶，并测量了粒度分布和化学成分。大气气溶胶的质量谱分布通常用双峰分布来描述。粗、细颗粒之间的底部存在于1.5μm左右。每种元素的粒度分布分为三种类型。总的来说，S，Zn和Pb偏向于较小的尺寸范围，只有一个峰在细颗粒区域。Si、Ca、Fe和Ti向较大的尺寸范围倾斜，在粗颗粒区域几乎有一个峰。Mn、K、V和Cu呈双峰分布。在水中的溶解度很大程度上取决于元素组成。与细颗粒相比，粗颗粒具有更高的不溶性2。气溶胶特性和太阳辐射：大气气溶胶的物理化学特性和各种太阳辐射 ...更多信息 在宇治同时测量了3年的辐射。此外，还与ACE-亚洲合作，于1999年3月在名古屋、2000年4月在白滨、2001年3月至4月在韩国的Tango半岛、宇治和济州岛进行了气溶胶和辐射的连续观测。气溶胶的光学性质取决于颗粒大小和化学成分。宇治的长期平均辐射强迫为-1.5W/m2。这意味着大气气溶胶的冷却作用。另一方面，黑碳颗粒占一半以上的名古屋大气气溶胶显示出变暖效应3。模拟黄沙的输送和沉积及其辐射效应：开发了一个长距离输送模式。利用该模式对东亚地区大气中硫、氮化合物和颗粒物的浓度和沉降通量进行了估算。黄沙对全球变暖/变冷的影响将使用估计的土壤粉尘浓度的三维分布进行评估。少

项目成果

南斎規介: "笠原三紀夫:産業連関表を用いたわが国における人為起源の粒子状物質排出量の推計と解析"エアロゾル研究. 15,4. 353-363 (2000)

Kisuke Nansai：“Mikio Kasahara：使用投入产出表对日本人为颗粒物排放进行估算和分析”Aerosol Research 15,4 (2000)。

笠原三紀夫 (分担): "エネルギー環境学"オーム社. 131 (2001)

Mikio Kasahara（撰稿人）：《能源与环境研究》Ohmsha 131 (2001)。

M. Kasahara: "Physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in Kyoto"J. Aerosol Science. 30. 8257-8258 (1999)

M. Kasahara：“京都大气气溶胶的物理和化学特征”J。

K. Yamamoto: "Preparation of anthropogenic sulfur inventory map in East Asia"J. Japan Society of Atmospheric Environment. 34. 435-444 (1999)

K. Yamamoto：“东亚人为硫库存图的编制”J。

C.-J.Ma: "Characterization of wintertime atmospheric aerosols in Seoul using PIXE and supplementary analysis"J.Korean Scoiety for Atmospheric Environment. 16,E. 19-27 (2000)

C.-J.Ma：“利用 PIXE 和补充分析表征首尔冬季大气气溶胶”J.Korean Scoiety for Atmospheric Environment。