Mechanisms of absorption, transport, and storage of vitamin A-by using rats and polar animals-

在斯瓦尔巴群岛（位于北纬100度）捕获了2只北极熊、8只北极狐、6只须海豹、22只海鸥、5只管鼻蝠、4只布鲁尼希海鸠、6只环斑海豹、5只冠海豹、6只海雀和7只斯瓦尔巴驯鹿。80 N）。用氯化金染色、维生素A自发荧光显微镜、苏木精-伊红染色、azan染色、Ishii-Ishii's银浸渍、透射电子显微镜和高效液相色谱法研究了新鲜器官，即肝、肾、脾、肺和空肠。哺乳动物和鸟类在肝脏中储存了大量的维生素A [23，300（北极熊，n=2），18，439 * 2，314（北极狐，n=8），5956*5857（须海豹，n=6），1,551* 2486（环形密封，n=6），921*264（斯瓦尔巴驯鹿，n=7）、4，710 * 3，164（银鸥，n=22）、1，589 *225（布氏鸥，n=4）和1183*589（海雀，n=6）nmole视黄酯/g湿组织]。非常强的维生素A的自发荧光从肝脏中的非实质细胞发出。这些细胞与氯化金反应呈阳性，并被染成黑色。电镜下，这些细胞存在于窦周间隙的Disse和含有许多脂滴的细胞质。这些动物虽然在自然发生的维生素A过多症中没有表现出肝纤维化。这些结果表明，这些维生素A储存细胞是肝星状细胞，并且存在于北极地区食物网较高位置的北极动物在肝星状细胞中具有发达的维生素A储存机制。

Two polar bears, 8 Arctic foxes, 6 bearded seals, 22 glaucous gulls, 5 fulmars, 4 Bruenich's guillemots, 6 ringed seals, 5 hooded seals, 6 puffins, and 7 Svalbard reindeers were caught in the Svalbard archipelago (situated at lat. 80 N). Fresh organs, namely, the liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and jejunum were investigated with gold chloride staining, fluorescence microscopy for autofluorescence of vitamin A, hematoxylin and eosin staining, azan staining, Ishii-Ishii's silver impregnation, transmission electron microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography.The mammals and birds stored a large amount of vitamin A in the liver [23,300 (polar bear, n=2), 18,439*2,314 (Arctic fox, n=8), 5956*5857 (bearded seal, n=6), 1,551*2,486 (ringed seal, n=6), 921*264 (Svalbard reindeer, n=7), 4,710*3,164 (glaucous gull, n=22), 1,589*225 (Bruenich's guiHemot, n=4), and 1183*589 (puffin, n=6) nmole retinyl ester/g wet tissue]. Very strong autofluorescence of vitamin A emanated from the non-parenchymal cells in the liver. These cells showed positive reaction with gold chloride and stained black. Electronmicroscopically these cells existed in the perisinusoidal space of Disse and contained many lipid droplets within the cytoplasm. These anamals showed no hepatic fibrosis though they are in naturally occurred hypervitaminosis A.These findings suggest that these vitamin A-storihg cells are hepatic stellate cells and the Arctic animals that exist in a higher position of the food web in the Arctic area have well-developed vitamin A-storing mechanisms in the hepatic stellate cells.