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Study to develop a network system of snow removal channels

除雪渠道网络系统开发研究

基本信息

批准号：
09555156
负责人：
FUKUSHIMA Yusuke
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Nagaoka University of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09555156/
关键词：
snow removal system open channel flow snow removal channel refraction branch joint shape of water surface 開水路流れ固液二相流分岐エネルギー損失ネットワーク除排雪降積雪自然災害雪害分・合流部

项目摘要

In order to develop the design of the snow removal channel network, it is necessary to understand the hydraulic characteristics of open thermal flow with complex geometries such as the refraction, the branch and the joint which are the basic features of the snow removal channel network. The hydraulic experiment the snow removal channels were carried using the model open channel which has the refraction, branch and joint parts in the laboratory. The flow mechanism and the transport mechanism of snow are investigated in the experiments. The flow velocity distributions were measured preciselyin the each section near the refraction, branch and joint parts. The shapes of the water surface, which is the basic feature of the open channel, were also measured prescisely in the cases of the refraction, branch and joints of channels.To clarify the transport mechanism of snow chunks in a snow removal channel, the experiments of throwing actual snow or model snow using plastic balls were carried ou … More t. In the experiment, the value of water discharge were changed for the several cases and the interval of throwing snow chunks were also changed. The mechanism of blocked or flowing down of snow chunkes are investigated prrecisely. In the refraction channel and joint channel, the snow chunkes were sometimes blocked in some case of the time interval of throw. Almost all snow chunks were blocked in the branch channel. These results should be taken into account when we will design the network of the snow removal channels.To grasp the flow feature of water in the channel, the analytical model calculating the open-chennel with the side inflow or outflow are presented. This model were based on the conservation equation of kinetic energy of mean flow insrtead of the conservation equation of momemtum. This model can consider the energy loss of complex geometries ; I.e. the variation of the channel width and the branch and joint of the channel.The presnt analytical model of open channel flow explains well the experimental results of the surface shape of the refraction and the joint of channel with no snow chunkes, because the model can take the energy loss of such geometry into account. The measurement of surface shape with snow chunkes are very difficult, because the flow with large chunkes are essencially unsteady and the water surface are is varied in time and space. The model also explains roughly the surface shape with snow chunks. Less

为了开展除雪渠网的设计，必须了解具有复杂几何形状的开式热流的水力特性，如折射、分支和接头，这些是除雪渠网的基本特征。在实验室条件下，利用具有折流、分支和节理的模型明渠进行了除雪渠道水力学试验。试验研究了雪的流动机理和输运机理。精确测量了折射段、分支段和关节段附近各断面的流速分布。为阐明除雪渠道中雪块的输运机理，采用塑料球抛撒实际雪或模型雪的试验方法，对除雪渠道中雪块的输运机理进行了研究，并对除雪渠道中雪块的输运机理进行了分析。 ...更多信息 t.在试验中，改变了几种情况下的排水量，也改变了抛雪块的间隔时间。对雪块的堵塞或流下机理进行了较精确的研究。在折射通道和联合通道中，雪块在一定的抛掷时间间隔内有时会被阻塞。几乎所有的雪块都被堵在了分支通道里。为掌握渠道内水流的流动特性，提出了有侧流或侧流明渠的计算模型。该模型以平均流动能守恒方程代替动量守恒方程为基础。该模型能考虑复杂几何形状的能量损失，即河道宽度的变化和河道的分支与汇合处的能量损失，本文提出的明渠水流解析模型能很好地解释无雪块河道的折射面形状和汇合处的实验结果，因为该模型能考虑这种几何形状的能量损失。由于雪块流本质上是非定常的，且水面在时间和空间上都是变化的，因此雪块水面形状的测量是非常困难的。该模型还粗略地解释了雪块的表面形状。少