Development of a method for ecological study with using a balloon remote sensing system

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Many research missions to monitor the global environmental change have been carried out. Satellite remote sensing images or field environmental datum measured on the ground have been analyzed for studies on the tropical rain forest area or on the deserts.Although they are very intense researches, the macroscopic data like satellite remote sensing data and the microscopic data collected by ground observations have not been correspondingly analyzed. So, our purposes of this research are to combine those two-dimensional information like remote sensing image and one-dimensional information like the meteorological and ecological data measured on the ground.In this research, we developed a remote sensing system mounted on a cabled balloon from low latitude. Our main results are as follows.1) Development of the spectrometer system to mount on the balloon for estimation of characteristics of plant and plan canopy physiology :This spectrometer has the following characteristics and performance.-Spectral Range : 500nm to 1000 nm-Spectral resolution : 1 to 2nm-FOV : l7degree-Total system dimension : 20cm X 20cm X 30cmUsing this system, the spectral reflectance of plant canopies for several plant species were measured. The relationship between those reflectance data from plant canopies and their canopy structures were studied. The reflectance data measured from the off nadir direction are more efficient than those from the nadir observation to classify the types of plant communities.2) Development of the computing algorithms to estimate biomass in tropical rain forestWe developed a computing algorithm to estimate the amount of biomass, using the stereo photographs taken with the camera mounted on the balloon flown over the tropical forest. We could estimate the height of trees and the amount of biomass of the forest which has 24m in height in average within the residual error of 2m to 2.5m.