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Environmental characteristics of tropical peat swamp forests and development of reforestation techniques for degraded peat land

热带泥炭沼泽森林环境特征及退化泥炭地造林技术开发

基本信息

批准号：
13374002
负责人：
NAGANO Toshihide
金额：
$ 24.63万
依托单位：
TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In Thailand, natural peat swamp forests (42,000ha) can be found in Narathiwat, the extreme south province of the country. But, recently, the wide area of these swamp forests reclaimed rapidly for agriculture. The effects of deforestation or reclamation for natural peat swamp forests were estimated with carbon dynamics. The annual amounts of net carbon absorption were estimated at 5.32tC/ha/year and 5.22 tC/ha/year for the primary peat swamp forest and the secondly forest, respectively. A great amount of net carbon absorption, 9.69 tC/ha/year, was expected, assuming that the ground surface in the secondary forest remained under waterlogged conditions throughout a year. On the other hand, a net emission of carbon, -0.40 tC/ha/year, was expected, assuming that the soil in the secondary forest remained under dry conditions throughout a year. Carbon dioxide emissions by peat and litter decomposition and by tree respiration were measure in natural peat swamp forest. Annual CO_2 emission from the forest ecosystem was estimated to 8.84tC/ha/year on the carbon weight basis. The horizontal distribution of thickness of peat layer at Bacho swamp was investigated with the assistance of GPS for localization. It was estimated that the average thickness of peat layer was 1.1m. It was clarified that thick peat layer located parallel to coastal line with striped pattern. Peat subsidence of the development zone was 2.72〜5.21cm/year. This means that the ecosystem emits 16.1〜30.8 tC/ha/year, that is to change from a carbon sink to carbon source by the deforestation or reclamation. These results show that water management is quite important for the secondary forest after development with drainage, to restrict peat decomposition and keep the forest as a carbon sink ecosystem. Some tree species (Melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) were found as promising species to be planted at peat swamp and acidic sulfate soil.

在泰国，该国最南端的那拉提瓦(Narathiwat)省有天然泥炭沼泽森林(42000公顷)。但是，最近，这些沼泽林的大片面积迅速开垦用于农业。用碳动力学方法估算了毁林或开垦对天然泥炭沼泽林的影响。原生泥炭沼泽林和次生林的年净碳吸收总量分别为5.32tC/ha/年和5.22tC/ha/年。假设次生林的地表全年都处于受涝状态，预计会有9.69 tC/ha/年的净碳吸收。另一方面，假设次生林的土壤全年保持干燥状态，预计碳的净排放量为-0.40tC/ha/年。在天然泥炭沼泽林中，测量了泥炭和凋落物分解以及树木呼吸产生的二氧化碳排放量。按碳量计算，森林生态系统的年二氧化碳排放量为8.84tC/ha/年。利用GPS定位技术，研究了巴楚沼泽泥炭层厚度的水平分布。泥炭层平均厚度为1.1m。结果表明，厚泥炭层与海岸线平行，呈条带状分布。开发区泥炭沉降量为2.72~5.21 cm/年。这意味着生态系统每年排放16.1~30.8tC/ha/a，即通过毁林或开垦由碳汇转变为碳源。这些结果表明，对于开发排水后的次生林，为了限制泥炭分解，保持森林作为碳汇生态系统，水分管理是非常重要的。一些树种(千层树等)被认为是在泥炭沼泽和酸性硫酸盐土壤上种植的有前途的树种。