Research for biologically active saponins from Japanese and Chinese herbal medicine on the basis of their traditional use.

各种日本和中国草药对葡萄糖吸收、过敏、免疫反应的影响。肝损伤检查。从匙羹藤（Gymnema sylvestre）的叶子中分离得到了匙羹藤苷a-f，并根据化学和物理化学的证据确定了其结构。这些皂苷抑制了口服葡萄糖负荷大鼠的血糖水平升高和小肠刷状边界的葡萄糖摄取。几种齐墩果酸苷能有效抑制口服葡萄糖负荷大鼠升高的血糖水平。为了明确齐墩果酸苷类化合物的结构要求，我们对从番荔枝、茯苓、三七等植物中分离的齐墩果酸苷类化合物进行了抑菌活性研究。结果表明，3- o -单去糖苷和28-羧基对这种活性至关重要。此外，对其作用机制的研究表明，辣椒素可抑制胃排空和小肠刷状边界的葡萄糖吸收，辣椒素敏感的感觉神经、交感神经系统、中枢神经系统和中枢多巴胺2受体参与了胃排空的抑制。从芸豆中分离到具有抑制组胺释放活性的三皂苷A和B。从风葫芦豆（Dolichos lablab）中提取的labolabo苷A-F，从酸枣子（Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa）中提取的大枣苷，以及从几种豆类中提取的大豆皂苷在小鼠中显示出类似佐剂的活性。测定了从七叶树（Aesculus hippocatanum）中分离得到的12种新皂苷（escins和isolescins）的化学结构。在降糖作用方面，其作用机制与齐墩果酸苷类相似。本文测定了西洋参（Panax quiquefolwn）中的ququenosides I-III和柴胡（Bupleurum scorzonerifolium）中具有保肝活性的柴胡苷I-XIII和scorzonero苷A*C的化学结构。阐明了柴胡苷对肝保护活性的结构要求。少

The effects of various Japanese and Chinese herbal medicines on glucose absorption, allergy, immune responses. and hepatic injury were examined.From the the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, gimnemosides a-f were isolated and their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. These saponins inhibited both increase of blood glucose levels in oral glucose-loaded rats and glucose uptake at small intestinal brush borders. Several oleanolic acid glycosides potently inhibited the increased blood glucose levels in oral glucose-loaded rats. To clarify the structural requirements of oleanolic acid glycosides, we examined the inhibitory activity of various oleanolic acid glycosides isolated from Momordica cochinchinensis, Kochia scoparia, Panax japonicus, etc. The results revealed that the 3-O-monodesmoside and 28-carboxy group are essential for such activity. Furthermore, investigation of the action mechanism revealed that they inhibit gastric emptying and glucos … More e absorption at small intestinal brush borders, and that capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, the sympathetic nervous system, the central nervous systems, and central dopamine2 receptors are involved in the inhibition of gastric emptying.Sandosaponins A and B with potent histamine release inhibitory activity were isolated from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Labolabosides A-F from hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab), jujubosides from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa), and soyasaponins from several beans found to show adjuvant-like activity in mice. The chemical structures of twelve new saponines (escins and isolescins), isolated from horse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocatanum), were determined. Escins Ia-IIb, found to show antiinfiammatory effects in rats and mice As concerns their hypoglycemic activities, it was revealed that their action mechanisms are similar to those of oleanolic acid glycosides,The chemical structures of qunquenosides I-III from American ginseng (Panax quiquefoliwn), and bupleurosides I-XIII and scorzonerosides A*C with hepatoprotective activity from Chinese Bupleuri Radix (Bupleurum scorzonerifolium) were determined. Strucural requirements of bupleurosides for hepatoprotective activity were clarified. Less