SEARCH FOR BIOFUNCTIONAL SAPONINS AND THEIR MECHANISMS OF ACTION

本研究考察了具有抗糖尿病、抗炎、滋补作用的中草药的药理作用。其中，生物活性皂苷被分离出来，并根据化学和理化证据对其化学结构进行了鉴定。从斯里兰卡苦瓜干果中分离得到了5个新的葫芦烷型三萜皂苷和10个新的葫芦烷型三萜皂苷卡拉维拉皂苷，并对它们的化学结构进行了鉴定。巴西栽培的茄子果实中的主要甾体生物碱皂苷--茄子精氨酸和茄子碱对大鼠有胃肠保护作用，并能抑制蔗糖负荷大鼠血糖水平的升高。白花萝卜花的甲醇提取物在Tail…中的采集测定了6个新的螺烷型甾体皂苷的化学结构，确定了它们的化学结构。从西葫芦果实中分离得到具有通便、抗过敏活性的葫芦素E及其苷类化合物，并对两个新的葫芦烷型三萜皂苷进行了化学鉴定。从人参花蕾中分离得到17个新的丹马烷型三萜皂苷，并对其化学结构进行了鉴定。考察了山茶花和山茶花的新的生物功能作用，促进胃肠转运和抑制甘油三酯的吸收等，分离出新的皂苷类化合物多年生皂苷、花皂苷和茶皂苷，并对其化学结构进行了鉴定。关于抑制甘油三酯吸收的机制，其作用涉及对胰腺脂肪酶活性和胃排空的抑制。较少

In the present study, various pharmacological effects of medicinal herbs which have been used as antidaiabetes, antiinflammation, tonic were examined. Among them, bioactive saponins were isolated and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Structural requirements of the active saponins for the bioactivities and mechanisms of action were clarified in part.Five new cucurbitane-type triterpenes, karavilagenins and ten new cucurbitane-type triterpene saponins, karavilosides, were isolated from the dried fruit of Sri Lanka Momordica charantica with anti-diabetic effects and their chemical structures were determined. The major steroidal alkaloid saponins, solamargine and solasonine, from the fruit of Solanaum lycocarpum cultivated in Brazil showed gastroprotections in rats and were found to inhibit the increase in blood glucose levels in sucrose-loaded rats. The methanolic extract from flower of Borassus flabrllifera collected in Thail … More and and its principal constituent, dioscin, showed anti-hyperglycemic effects and chemical structures of six new spirostane-type steroidal saponins, borassosides, were determined. From the fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, cucurbitacin E and its glycosides were isolated as laxative and anti-allergic principles together with the chemical determination of two new cucurbitane-type triterpene saponins. The major saponis from the flower buds of Panax ginseng were found to show gastroprotective effects in rats and seventeen new dammarane-type triterpene saponins, floralginsenosides, were isolated and their chemical structures were determined. New biofunctional effects of flowers of Bellis perennis and Camellia sinensis were examined, and enhancement of gastrointestinal transit and inhibition of absorption of triglycerides, etc. New saponins perennisaponins, floratheasaponins and chakasaponins were isolated as the active constituents and their chemical structures were determined. With regard to mechanism of the inhibition of absorption of triglycerides, inhibitions of pancreatic lipase activity and gastric emptying are involved in their effects. Less