Sprinting and jumping ability demanded in ball sport oriented exercise

球类运动对冲刺和跳跃能力的要求

• 批准号: 09680081
• 负责人: TAKAMATSU Kaoru
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09680081/
• 关键词: ball sports; sprinting ability; Jumping ability; anticipation; development; talent identification; training method; 方向変換走能力; 直線走能力; 5回連続跳躍; 運動時間; 滞空時間; 接地時間; 膝曲げ角度; 先取り動作; 調整力

The purpose of this study was to clarify sprinting arid jumping ability demanded in ball sport oriented exercise.Sprinting ability was assessed using various sprinting with change of direction protocols very similar to those found in ball 'sports. Subjects were male and female junior high school students who were members of various sports clubs, The results showed that the sprinting was affected by eccentric power and its development was closely related to sprinting ability in a straight direction. This indicates that in junIor high school students the sprinting ability does not increase without specific training.Jumping ability was assessed using various jumping protocols designed to demand jump accuracy and speed. Protocols consisted of two 5-continuous jumping protocols at a set height and one random height jumping protocol. Subjects were university volleyball and basketball players as well as track and field sprinters and jumpers. The results showed that as a skill factor contributing to a short contact time in 5-continuous jumping it is important to bend the knees in preparation before contact wIth the ground. Also, it is Important to predict and adjust knee angle before landing according to jumping height in order to decrease air time of each jump. This indicates that factors affecting jumping ability in partnered and group oriented exercises in which jumping height and timing need to be adjusted to the situation at hand differ from those of Individual sports in which jumpIng height is of primary importance.The results of the present study could be used as a basis for the establishment of a talent identification and physical training method for ball sports athletes.

摘要本研究旨在了解球类运动对短跑和跳跃能力的要求。短跑能力评估使用各种短跑与方向的改变协议非常类似于那些发现在球类运动。研究对象为参加各种体育俱乐部的男女初中生，结果表明：短跑运动受到偏心力的影响，其发展与短跑能力呈直线方向密切相关。这说明初中生短跑能力在没有专项训练的情况下并没有提高。使用不同的跳跃协议来评估跳跃能力，以要求跳跃的准确性和速度。协议包括两个设定高度的5连续跳跃协议和一个随机高度跳跃协议。研究对象是大学排球和篮球运动员，以及田径短跑运动员和跳远运动员。结果表明，作为5连跳中接触时间短的一个技术因素，与地面接触前的膝盖弯曲是很重要的。同时，在落地前根据起跳高度预测和调整膝盖角度，以减少每次起跳的腾空时间。这表明，在需要根据手头情况调整跳跃高度和时机的伙伴和团体运动中，影响跳跃能力的因素与以跳跃高度为主要因素的个人运动有所不同。本研究结果可为球类运动运动员人才识别与体能训练方法的建立提供依据。