权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Human response to the drastic environmental changes in Africa

人类对非洲剧烈环境变化的反应

基本信息

批准号：
10041027
负责人：
HORI Nobuyuki
金额：
$ 16.9万
依托单位：
TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The dry savanna in Africa have experienced climatic anomalies, with especially high variability of precipitation in the last several decades. Climatic events, such as drought and floods, also have occurred with high frequency. Thus, people living in such regions must have characteristics or indigenous knowledge of the locale in order to cope with environmental changes caused by climatic events. Risk-avoiding or risk-minimizing strategies can be found in land-use systems and structure of living space. This project aimed to establish local geographical maps and local land use maps through field observations and measurements, and to present an analysis of data. The study also includes a discussion of local knowledge on land resource management and subsistence systems. Shinoda continue to measure soil moisture and LAI (Leaf Area Index) of vegetation including pearl millet field, since 1995 for more than 5 years in 3 sites of Niger in order to clarify the climatic change in Sahel. The yearl … More y maximum LAI of millet is no strongly correlated with the amount of annual precipitation. Seasonal increasing trends of LAI were substantially affected by those of soil moisture, especially in the leaf-expanding stage of pearl millet. The present study suggests that the soil moisture during the germination phase does not appear to have a crucial effect on the LAI. Chinen examine the land degradation induced by gullying in tributary drainage basins of the Niger River. By interpreting aerial photographs, development of gullies and land use on a long term were described. Accelerated gully erosion has occurred rapidly on downslopes of glacis and in lower parts of basins, leading to a discharge of an enormous amount of sediments into the Niger River. Takaoka investigated the useful trees in Central Meru District in northern Mt. Kenya. The diversity of utilized indigenous trees does not become higher as humidity increases. A wider variety of indigenous trees are used on the dry, lower slopes than is used on the humid, upper slopes. Hori studies in Mt. Kapushiki area, northern Cameroon and described the situation of population increase and land use, especially farming land. People in the area recognize the land regeneration with people's birth and death, and avoid over-utilizing the land. Less

非洲干燥的热带稀树草原经历了气候异常，在过去几十年中降水的变化特别大。干旱和洪水等气候事件也频繁发生。因此，生活在这些地区的人们必须具有当地的特点或土著知识，以科普气候事件造成的环境变化。在土地使用系统和生活空间结构中可以找到避免风险或尽量减少风险的战略。该项目旨在通过实地观察和测量绘制当地地理图和当地土地使用图，并提出数据分析。该研究报告还讨论了关于土地资源管理和生计系统的当地知识。Shinoda从1995年开始连续5年在尼日尔的3个地点测定了包括珍珠粟田在内的植被的土壤水分和叶面积指数，以阐明萨赫勒地区的气候变化。年份 ...更多信息谷子最大叶面积指数与年降水量的相关性不强。叶面积指数的季节变化趋势受土壤水分的影响较大，尤其是在珍珠粟展叶期。目前的研究表明，土壤水分在发芽阶段似乎并没有对叶面积指数的关键影响。Chinen研究了尼日尔河支流流域冲沟造成的土地退化。通过航片判读，描述了流域冲沟的发育和土地利用的长期变化。在冰川的下坡和盆地的较低部分，加速的沟蚀迅速发生，导致大量沉积物排入尼日尔河。高冈调查了北方梅鲁中部地区的有用树木。肯尼亚.利用的乡土树种的多样性并没有随着湿度的增加而增加。在干燥的低坡上使用的本土树木比在潮湿的高坡上使用的要多。山中的Hori研究。喀麦隆北方Kapushiki地区，并描述了人口增长和土地利用，特别是耕地的情况。当地人认识到土地的再生与人的出生和死亡，并避免过度利用土地。少