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Resources ＆ Economy on Swamp Environments of Southeast Asia

东南亚沼泽环境的资源与经济

基本信息

批准号：
10041051
负责人：
AKIMICHI Tomoya
金额：
$ 9.54万
依托单位：
National Museum of Ethnology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In marshlands of Southeast Asia, including mangrove, coral reefs, tidal flat, and freshwater zones, a variety of renewable natural resources have been utilized by local inhabitants, government agencies and entrepreneurs. Present research has clarified the following general characteristics of the resource use in these marshlands ; (1) resource users include foragers (Orang Asli) , specialized fishermen, and farmer-fishermen, (2) resource use patterns have drastically been changed during these few decades, (3) renewable natural resources have been exploited not only for subsistence but also as commodities for local, regional and international markets in which complex ethno-networks are linked together, and (4) under rapid socio-economic changes resource management practices have been implemented at the community-level as well as a joint co-management programs..Specifically, present research has demonstrated that (1) in three major ecological zones ; e.g., freshwater, brackish and littora … More l, and coastal zones, similar process of resource use is seen as commodity production in market economy systems, but that (2) zone-specific changes have also occurred according to ecological and socio-economic conditions, and (3) conflicts and competition over resources have increased due to high market demand and environmental deteriorations.In freshwater zones, dam construction, and logging industry in Laos are two major factors to affect aquatic environment and associated productive activities. In littoral and tidal flats or Viet Nam, southern Thailand, mangrove destruction and land reclamation for shrimp and fish ponds, and tin mining have also caused serious ill-effects for fishing and collecting activities. In coastal zones, an increasing number of trawlers and push netters have brought about resource depletion especially of juveniles of shrimps and fish. These changes of three ecological zones have also affected upon neighboring ecological zones on which local inhabitants have depended on their daily pursuits. Integrated programs for sustainable resource management are therefore vitally important, taking interactions between ecological zones being into consideration. Co-management scheme should then be designed not only among people involved, but also the environments themselves, as eco-management. Less

在东南亚的沼泽地，包括红树林、珊瑚礁、滩涂和淡水区，当地居民、政府机构和企业家利用了各种可再生自然资源。目前的研究已经阐明了这些沼泽地资源利用的以下一般特征;（1）资源使用者包括觅食者（2）在这几十年中，资源使用模式发生了巨大变化，（3）可再生自然资源不仅被开发用于维持生计，而且还被用作当地的商品，区域和国际市场，其中复杂的民族网络联系在一起，（4）在社会经济迅速变化的情况下，资源管理做法已在社区一级实施，以及联合共同管理方案。具体而言，目前的研究表明，（1）在三个主要的生态区;例如，淡水、半咸水和滨水区 ...更多信息在淡水区和沿海区，类似的资源利用过程被视为市场经济体系中的商品生产，但（2）根据生态和社会经济条件，也发生了具体区域的变化，（3）由于市场需求高和环境恶化，对资源的冲突和竞争增加。和伐木业是影响老挝水环境及其相关生产活动的两个主要因素。在越南、泰国南部的沿岸的和潮滩，毁坏红树林和开垦土地用于养虾和养鱼池，以及开采锡矿，也对捕鱼和采集活动造成了严重的不良影响。在沿海地区，拖网渔船和推网渔船数量的增加造成了资源枯竭，特别是幼虾和幼鱼的资源枯竭。这三个生态区的变化也影响到邻近的生态区，当地居民的日常生活依赖。因此，考虑到生态区之间的相互作用，可持续资源管理的综合方案至关重要。因此，共同管理计划不仅应在参与者之间设计，而且还应设计环境本身，作为生态管理。少