A Study on the Use of Diversified Environments and its Contemporary Transformation in Insular South East Asia.

这项研究项目旨在分析印度尼西亚东部当地居民对可再生自然资源的利用和管理做法。在这几十年里，特别关注在快速的社会经济变化下，当地居民在各种生态环境(珊瑚礁、红树林、西米树林、热带雨林)中的资源利用的变化。苏拉威西北部、中部和南部、蒂多尔岛和塞兰岛被选为重点研究对象。1994年至1996年间，7名研究人员在几个地方进行了调查。巴霍、布吉斯和马卡萨雷斯是苏拉威西以迁徙为导向的人，他们寻找海参、鱼翅和珍珠贝等海洋资源。这些商品主要用于香港和新加坡的出口。马雷岛上的提多雷人也被称为陶瓷贸易商，他们用小型贸易船将陶器运送到伊里安查亚。最近对琼脂的需求上升(Eucheuma和Gracilaria spp.)已敦促巴霍开始m…在珊瑚栖息地进行更多的人工养殖。它导致人口迁徙到万纳多以北的纳恩岛，珊瑚栖息地遭到破坏，红树林被过度使用来建造干燥平台。此外，对活珊瑚鱼(Epinephelidae spp.)由于使用氰化钠，香港海鲜市场上的石斑鱼和拿破仑鱼不仅威胁到石斑鱼的数量，还威胁到珊瑚。在苏拉威西山区，腐烂、蜂蜜、树脂和氰草皮是山地居民(Orang Wana)和爪哇移民收集的主要经济产品。这些资源要么在小市场上出售，要么通过中间人的经济渠道交易给中国。在商品化渗透的过程中，森林和海洋资源改变了人们日常生活中的时间分配，带来了资源枯竭，群体之间的资源冲突。而SASI在东印度支那被称为以社区为基础的土著资源管理做法。虽然它是实现公平目标和资源可持续利用的有效手段，但它不能解决村际边界问题。地方政府经常在冲突诉讼中发挥重要作用。印度尼西亚快速的社会经济变化应被视为社区、地区、国家和国际各级的综合联系，在这些经济交易中，民族网络将大城市的生产者(主要是Bajo)、中间商、零售商和中间商联系在一起。较少

This research project aims to analysis use of renewable natural resources and management practices by local inhabitants in eastern Indonesia. Spetial attention in paid on transformation of resource use in diversified ecological settings (coral reefs, mangroves, sago groves, rain forest) by local inhabitants under rapid socio-economic changes during these few decades. North, central and south Sulawesi, Tidore Island, and Seram Island were selected for intensive studies.Research were conducted in several places between 1994 and 1996 by seven reearchers.Bajo, Bugis, Makassarese are migration-oriented people in Sulawesi that seek such marine resources as trepang, shark fin, and pearl-shells. Thesecommodities are mainly used for export for Hong Kong and Singapore.Also, Tidorese on Mare Island isknown as ceramic trader and they transport potters as far as Irian Jaya using small-scale trading vessel.Recent rise of demand of agar-agar (Eucheuma and Gracilaria spp.) has urged Bajo to commence m … More ariculture in shallo coral habitat. It has brought about population migration to Nain Islnad, north of Manado, destruction of coral habitats as well as exccessive use of mangroves for constructing drying platforms. Furthermore, demand of live reef fish (Epinephelidae spp.) and Napoleon wrasse in Hong Kong seafood markets, has threatened not only groupers populations but also corals due to the use of sodium cyanide.In the mountain areas of Sulawesi, rottan, honey, resin and cynamonium barks are major economic products collected by the mountain dwellers (Orang Wana) and migrants from Java. These are either sold at small markets or traded to China via economic channels of middlemen.During the course of infiltration of commoditization of forest and marine resources have changed time allocation in people's daily life, brought about resource depletion, conflict over esources between the groups.While sasi in known as community-based indigenous resource management practices in eastern Indoenesia. Although it is effective means for equity goal and sustainable resource use, it connot solve inter-village boundary issues. Local government often plays an important role in conflict litigation.Rapid socio-economic changes in Indonesia should be examined as integrated linkages at community, area, national and international levels in which ethno-networks have linked producers (mainly Bajo), middlemen, retailer and middlemen in larg cities in these economic transactions. Less