A Study on the Use of Diversified Environments and its Contemporary Transformation in Insular South East Asia.

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This research project aims to analysis use of renewable natural resources and management practices by local inhabitants in eastern Indonesia. Spetial attention in paid on transformation of resource use in diversified ecological settings (coral reefs, mangroves, sago groves, rain forest) by local inhabitants under rapid socio-economic changes during these few decades. North, central and south Sulawesi, Tidore Island, and Seram Island were selected for intensive studies.Research were conducted in several places between 1994 and 1996 by seven reearchers.Bajo, Bugis, Makassarese are migration-oriented people in Sulawesi that seek such marine resources as trepang, shark fin, and pearl-shells. Thesecommodities are mainly used for export for Hong Kong and Singapore.Also, Tidorese on Mare Island isknown as ceramic trader and they transport potters as far as Irian Jaya using small-scale trading vessel.Recent rise of demand of agar-agar (Eucheuma and Gracilaria spp.) has urged Bajo to commence m … More ariculture in shallo coral habitat. It has brought about population migration to Nain Islnad, north of Manado, destruction of coral habitats as well as exccessive use of mangroves for constructing drying platforms. Furthermore, demand of live reef fish (Epinephelidae spp.) and Napoleon wrasse in Hong Kong seafood markets, has threatened not only groupers populations but also corals due to the use of sodium cyanide.In the mountain areas of Sulawesi, rottan, honey, resin and cynamonium barks are major economic products collected by the mountain dwellers (Orang Wana) and migrants from Java. These are either sold at small markets or traded to China via economic channels of middlemen.During the course of infiltration of commoditization of forest and marine resources have changed time allocation in people's daily life, brought about resource depletion, conflict over esources between the groups.While sasi in known as community-based indigenous resource management practices in eastern Indoenesia. Although it is effective means for equity goal and sustainable resource use, it connot solve inter-village boundary issues. Local government often plays an important role in conflict litigation.Rapid socio-economic changes in Indonesia should be examined as integrated linkages at community, area, national and international levels in which ethno-networks have linked producers (mainly Bajo), middlemen, retailer and middlemen in larg cities in these economic transactions. Less