Redefining the Ecosystem Services through the Assessment of Inter-linkage Values.

从千年评估提出的四个主要概念，即提供服务、文化服务、支持服务和调节服务，这四个要素之间的相互关系没有说明，仍然是未知的。提出了一种新的方法来解决这种模糊性，并展示人与自然相互作用的综合数字。利用全球贸易、环境恶化、健康和食品风险等若干主题，并以东南亚各社区为例，审查了利益和风险分析。通过对收益和风险的综合分析，可以清楚地看到，链接价值概念是连接四种类型生态系统服务的有效工具。此外，为了全面评估生态系统服务的效益和理解联系价值的重要性，公地方法和生态历史方法也变得清晰起来。

From four major concepts proposed in the Millennium Assessment (MA), namely, provisioning services, cultural services, supporting services and regulating services, inter-relations among these four elements are not illustrated and remain unknown. A new methodological approach in order to resolve this ambiguity, and to demonstrate integrated figures of human-nature interactions, was proposed. Benefits and risk analyses were examined, using several topics as to global trading, environmental deterioration, health and food risk, using examples of various communities in Southeast Asia. Through the analyses of benefits and risk as a set, it became clear that the notion of linkage-values to link four types of ecosystem services is effective tool. Also, it became clear that commons approach and Eco-historical approach are important in order to assess totally the benefits of ecosystem services and to understand the significance of the linkage-values.