Combination of resveratrol, lecithin and vegetable oil for complete replacement of fish oil in fish feeds

鱼被认为是一种重要的健康食品，主要是因为它的脂肪酸组成。特别关注长链高度不饱和的欧米茄-3(n-3)脂肪酸(HUFA)，如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。由于几十年来渔业产量停滞不前，水产养殖部门越来越多地满足了全球对人类营养日益增长的鱼类需求。为了满足水产养殖对富含EPA和DHA的鱼类的需求，鱼类饲料中的脂肪来源至关重要。然而，在过去的几年里，鱼饲料中最重要的脂肪来源之一-鱼油-已经越来越多地被植物脂肪来源所取代。这意味着来自水产养殖业的鱼的脂肪酸组成不再符合人类增加长链omega-3脂肪酸摄入量的建议。因此，目前水产养殖的一个重要目标是大幅增加水产品中n-3HUFA的含量，而不增加鱼饲料本身中鱼油的比例。在我们之前的项目中，控制饲养研究表明，虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykis，W.，1792)饲料中的二苯乙烯类白藜芦醇显著增加了鱼体中的EPA和DHA。然而，饲料中白藜芦醇的使用降低了饲料的能量消化率，并减少了鱼的摄食量。在本项目中，这些负面结果旨在用应用伙伴生产的卵磷脂来补偿。因此，该项目的目的是在不影响生长性能的情况下，使用白藜芦醇、卵磷脂和植物油的混合物来实现鱼饲料中鱼油的完全替代。作为体内喂养实验的补充，体外细胞培养的机械性研究将在分子水平上揭示白藜芦醇和卵磷脂的联合作用。由于互为补充的项目组进行了相应的体内和体外实验，TRL7将设立一个研究组合化合物的新研究区域。总体而言，我们的项目具有解决众多研究问题的潜力，它将导致弗劳恩霍夫、行业合作伙伴和大学之间更多的商业合作。此外，它还将促进前一个项目成果的商业可开发性。

Fish is considered an important and healthy food primarily due to its fatty acid composition. Particular attention is paid to the long-chain highly unsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (HUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). As yields from fisheries have stagnated since several decades, the growing global demand of fish for human nutrition has been increasingly met by the aquaculture sector. To meet the demand for EPA- and DHA-rich fish due to aquaculture, lipid sources in fish feed are critical. However, one of the most important lipid sources in fish feed - fish oil - has been increasingly replaced by vegetable fat sources over the past years. This means that the fatty acid composition in aquaculture derived fish no longer meets the recommendations for increased intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in humans. Therefore, an important goal of aquaculture is currently to substantially increase the content of n-3 HUFA in fish products without increasing the portion of fish oil in fish feed per se. In our previous project, controlled feeding studies demonstrated that the stilbene resveratrol in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W., 1792) led to a significant increase in EPA and DHA in the fish body. However, the use of resveratrol in the feed resulted in reduced energy digestibility of the feed, as well as decreased feed intake of the fish. In the present project, these negative outcomes are aimed to be compensated using lecithin produced by the application partner. Thus, the purpose of the project is to use a mixture of resveratrol, lecithin and vegetable oil to achieve a complete replacement of fish oil in fish feed without compromising growth performance. Complementary to the in vivo feeding experiments, mechanistic in vitro cell culture studies, will be applied to unravel the combined effect of resveratrol and lecithin at the molecular level. Due to the complementary project team conducting the corresponding in vivo and in vitro experiments, a new research area for investigating combined compounds will be established at the TRL7. Overall, our project has the potential to address numerous research questions, and it will lead to additional commercial collaborations between Fraunhofer, industrial partners and the university. Furthermore, it will advance the commercial exploitability of the results of the predecessor project.