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Interrelationships among various organs of crop plants grown under environmental stresses and their control.

环境胁迫下生长的农作物各器官之间的相互关系及其控制。

基本信息

批准号：
59360002
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Koou
金额：
$ 10.88万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1984
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1984 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research has been conducted in collaboration with crop scientists covering a wide range of specialities, for clarifying the interrelationships among various organs of crop plants, under different environmental stresses. Using several field crops, the experiments were carried out from eco-physiological as well as morphological points of view.1. Throughout the research, many new techniques have been exploited and utilized. That is, methods of measuring root directions and rooting densities, measures of restriction of root spread, a simple method of measuring root respiration and so on.2. The findings observed by these and other methods are as follws:(1) Soil moisture stress in the early growing stages accelerates root growth , thus leading the plant to be more resistant to drought.(2) Deeply spread roots are efficient for the growth of the plant including harvesting organs.(3) Increase in photosynthetic rate stimulates respiration or roots and contributes to the promotion of root activity.(4) Root quantity as well as root activity have great influences on plant growth.(5) The growth hormones produced in roots accelerate plant growth and inhibit the sinescence of leaves.(6) The interrelationships mentioned above varies in accordance with different crop species and cultivars used.3. The results obtained in this research may open a promising way for understanding the crop plants as a whole and for clarifying the most difficult problems existing between form and function of crop plants growing under different environmental conditions. It is expected that more extensive researchis will develop along the way thus explored.

这项研究是与作物科学家合作进行的，涵盖了广泛的专业领域，旨在阐明作物植物在不同环境胁迫下各器官之间的相互关系。利用几种大田作物，从生态生理和形态学的角度进行了实验。在整个研究过程中，许多新技术被开发和利用。即测定根向和生根密度的方法、限制根系扩展的措施、测定根系呼吸的简易方法等.结果表明：（1）生长初期土壤水分胁迫促进根系生长，从而提高植物的抗旱性。(2)深深伸展的根对于植物的生长包括收获器官是有效的。(3)光合速率的增加刺激呼吸或根系，有助于促进根系活力。(4)根系数量和根系活力对植物生长有重要影响。(5)根中产生的生长激素促进植物生长并抑制叶片的衰老。(6)上述关系因作物品种和品种的不同而异.本研究的结果为从整体上认识作物提供了一条有希望的途径，也为阐明不同环境条件下作物形态与功能之间存在的最困难的问题提供了一条有希望的途径。预计将沿着这样探索的道路沿着开展更广泛的研究。