Studies on establishment of diagnostic standard and improve the accuracy in veterinary ultrasonography

为建立兽医临床超声诊断标准，提高兽医临床超声诊断的准确性，开展了多项合作研究。在奶牛直肠扫描的早孕诊断中，妊娠胎囊图像与发情周期子宫黏液类似图像的鉴别诊断具有重要意义。胎儿在Al后29天首次可见。在Al后22至24天，基于FS图像发展的妊娠诊断准确率为95%。在各种情况下的牛肝脏弥漫性变化中，发现随着肝脏回声减弱，水变性和/或脂肪变性的程度增加。肝脏边缘钝化，肝内血管扩张和狭窄可作为标准表现。正常成年奶牛超声造影显示肝静脉、门静脉扩张、门静脉回声增强，可作为充血性肝硬化的诊断指标。肾积水和肾囊肿的诊断是简单的直肠扫描。采用线形和扇形两种扫描方法对小牛先天性心脏病进行超声诊断。室间隔缺损包括联合异常和主动脉瓣异常，比其他缺损更容易发现。在牛的严重外伤性心包炎中，可出现病状心包膜、心包膜囊扩张、纤维蛋白浮动和振荡运动作为诊断指标。用水浴法对动物肿瘤切除后的声束衰减与3种鬼怪的声束衰减进行了比较。肿瘤可分为三类。组织学恶性肿瘤在体内表现为混合回波，良性肿瘤表现为均匀回波。通过对猪腹部表面扫描，获得妊娠22天后的胎囊图像，诊断准确率100%。在比格犬中，在妊娠22天后也能观察到胎囊的图像，准确率为100%。在轻度肾积水的狗和猫的图像观察到线性强回声引起的肾盂壁扩张。在严重的病例中，肾盂扩张暴露在肾实质和血管结缔组织之间的空隙中，可见充满液体的回声图像。少

Co-operative studies were performed to establish of diagnostic standard and improve the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in veterinary clinic.1. Concerning early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle by rectal scanning, differential diagnosis between fetal sac images indicating pregnancy and simillar images related to uterine mucus fluid during the estrus cycle play an important part. The fetuses were first visible 29 days after Al. Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis based on development of FS images was 95% between 22 and 24 days after Al.2. In diffuse changes of the bovine liver with various conditions, it was found that as the echogenicity of the liver decreased, the degree of hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change increased. Blunting of the edge of the liver, dilatation and stricture of intrahepatic vessels may be present as a standard.3. Based on normal USG images in adult dairy cattle, images of dilatation of the hepatic and portal vein and increase of echogenicity of the par … More enchyma may be present as a diagnostic indicator for congestive liver chirrhosis. The diagnosis of hydronephrosis and renal cyst was simply made using rectal scan.4. Ultrasonic diagnosis of congenital heart disease in calves was performed by using both linear and sector scanning methods. Detection of ventricular septal defects comprises combined anomaly and anomaly of aortic valves were more easily than other defects. In severe traumatic pericarditis of cattle, images of sickend pericardium, dilatation of pericardial sac, floating and oscillatory motin of fibrin may be present as for diagnostic indicator.5. Comparisons of the sound beam attenuation between removed tumors from animals and 3 types of phantoms were made by water bath method. Tumors may be classified in three categories. Images of histologically malignant tumors in vivo showed mixed echo pattern but in benign tumors uniform echo pattern were obtained.6. By abdominal surface scanning of swine, images of fetal sac were obtained after 22 days gestation with 100% diagnostic accuracy. In beagle dogs, images of fetal sac were also observed after 22 days gestation with 100% accuracy.7. In mild cases of hydronephrosis of dog and cat, images of linear strong echo caused by dilated renal pelvic wall were observed. In severe cases images of fluid filled echo related to fluid which fill the gap between renal parenchyma and vascular connective tissue exposed to dilated renal pelvis were obtained. Less