Studies on establishment of specialized veterinary ultrasonography

为建立兽医学和临床超声诊断的专门方法，进行了合作研究。1.对51头健康奶牛、4头围产期奶牛、21例临床奶牛和16头屠宰场奶牛分别进行了b超检查。围产期奶牛的腺窦从分娩前10天左右开始明显增大。脓肿清晰可见为局部区域。超声心动图可用于估计脓肿的性质。2.牛颈区颈动脉和颈静脉、气管、食道、甲状腺和胸腺分别通过表面扫描清晰可见。对于静脉炎和食管移位的病例，良好的影像学检查有助于准确诊断疾病。3.用直肠扫描的方法，在牛白血病中，显示盆腔淋巴结肿大。直肠扫描对本病的诊断有一定的价值。4.为了进行牛尿石症的检测，对78个不同疾病的肾脏进行了影像学检查。72例肾盆腔结石超声心动图与尸检相符。结果表明，肾萼内直径大于2-4ma的结石可以通过超声心动图检测到。5.采用直接表面扫描法和水袋扫描法对牛和马的四肢软组织进行超声成像。对肌腱损伤和关节肿胀的特征进行了清晰的成像。6.在幼犬和小牛中，通过中央方孔进行扫描，以诊断和监测脑积水和其他潜在疾病的并发症。成像效果良好。7.在实验动物中，获得了胎儿心脏活动和人工肾脏疾病的USG。USG可用于安全性评价的非临床实验室测试。

Co-Operative studies were performed to establish a specialized diagnostic methods concerning to ultrasonography in veterinary medicine and clinic. 1.B-mode ultrasonography(USG) was performed on the odders of 51 healthy dairy cows,4 perinatal cows, 21 clinical cases and 16 odders from an abbattoir respectively.In the perinatal cows,the gland sinus enlarged clearly from about 10 days before delivery.The abscesses were visualized clearly as localized regions.The USG was useful for estimating properties of the abscess. 2.In the bovine cervical region,carotid artery and vine,trachea,oesophagus,thyroid gland and thymus were clearly imaged by surface scanning respectively.In cases with phlebitis and esophageal deverticulum,good imagings were obtained for accurate diagnosis of the disease. 3.By the methods of rectal scanning,in the bovine leukemic disacase,swelling of lymphnodes at the pelvic cavity were imaged.Rectal scanning way be useful for diagnosis of the disease. 4.In order to carry detection of bovine urolithiasis,78 kidneys with various disease were imaged. In 72 of the 78 kidneys,USG of renal pelvic stones were in accord with necropsy.It was clarified that stones bigger than 2-4ma in diameter in renal calyxes are able to be detected by USG. 5.In bovine and equine,USG of soft tissues of limbs were obtained by surface scanning with direct and water bag methods.Properties of damages of tendons and swelling of joint were clearly imaged. 6.In puppies and calves,scanning through the central fontancilc was performed to diagnose and monitor hydroccphalus and other complications of the underlying disease.Good imaging was obtained. 7.In laboratory animals,USG in fetal cardiac action and artificially induced renal disorder were obtained.USG may be useful for nonclinical laboratory test of safety evaluation.