The Effect of Expectancies in Peer Relationships

一般认为，在同伴关系中，被同伴忽视或拒绝的儿童，其人际交往能力和人际交往策略都较差。但他们也可能对同龄人有不适当的期望。为了验证这一假设，我们构建了“友谊期望量表（FES）”，并在“社会接纳量表”的基础上考察了FES得分与社会地位得分（SSS）之间的关系。FES量表有四个分量表，即，与同伴的合作活动，同情的感觉，接受和信任。结果表明：1）女生对友谊的期望值高于男生; 2）三种关系类型的期望值存在显著差异;最好的朋友，第二好的朋友和中等亲密的朋友（中性朋友）。3）显示友谊关系类型之间期望差异最大的分量表是“信任”，4）社会支持水平较高的儿童比社会支持水平较低的儿童期望更多。5）不同社会地位群体的FES差异最大的是对中性朋友的期望; 6）不同社会地位群体的FES差异最大的是“自我感觉”分量表。特别是“移情情感”被认为对成功的友谊关系有显著的影响。

It is said that in peer relations the children who are ignored or rejected by their peers are defficient in interpersonal skills and have poor interpersonal strategies. But they may also have inadeguate expectations toward their peers. To test this assumption, we constructed the "Friendship Expectation Scale (FES)" and examined the relations between the scores of FES and the sociometric status scores (SSS) based on the "social acceptance scale". The FES scale has four sub-scales, namely , co-activity with, empathic feeling to, acceptance of, and confidence in a peer. The main results are as follows.1) Girls expect more in their friendship than boys2) There are significant differences in expectancies among three types of relations;best friend, second best friend and a friend of medium intimacy (neutral friend).3) The subscale which shows the largest differences in expec-tations among the types of friendship relations is "confi-dence", and "co-activities" is the smallest one.4) Higher SSS children are likely to expect more than lower ones. and this tendency is more remarkable in girls group.5) FES differences among SSS groups are the largest in the expectancies to a neutral friend.6) The most remarkable SSS differences are found in "Empatic feeling" subscale.As mentioned above, sociometric status is closely related with FES score. Especially, "Empathic feeling" is supposed to have a notable effct on successfull friendship relations.