A Comparative Study on the Structure of Townscapes Drawn in the Edo Period's Town Guidebooks

本研究通过分析《美丽之歌》中的风光，考察了德佑、名古屋、京都和大阪四个城市的城市景观结构。《美术祖》是18、19世纪日本出版的一本图文并茂的城镇旅游读物。描述一个城市景观是从实际的城市景观中抽象出有价值的元素的过程。在其过程中使用的价值观不一定是私人的，但通常是社会、阶级和城市共享的公共价值观。因此，我们可以通过分析已经被市民广泛接受的对城市景观的描述来阐明公众感知的城市景观的特征。我们从四个角度对《美述左传》中的插图进行了分析。首先，江户普罗德市民最喜欢的场景是在哪里分发的？其次，他们从一系列场景中构建了一个城市城市景观的故事，采用了什么顺序？第三，他们采用了什么手段和手法来表现他们的城市风貌？第四，在这些插图中画出了哪些元素？本研究解释了城镇景观结构与城市空间组织之间的相关性。在江户时代，东京是一个有水和露台的小镇。它的城市景观结构深受滨水和梯田边缘的影响。名古屋是一个坐落在低矮平坦的露台上的城堡小镇。它的城镇景观结构由南北主干道和梯田边缘构成。京都是一个古老的城市，寺庙和市民聚集在一个盆地里。它的城镇景观结构是由古老的地形和网格状街道格局组成的。Oaska是一个桥梁和商人聚集的小镇，它位于一块开垦得很低的土地上，东侧有一个长长的露台。它的城市景观结构以水和商业价值为主导。

This study investigates the structure of townscapes of four cities --Tokyou, Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka-- by analyzing the scenery drawn in the Meisho-zues. Meisho-zue is a town guidebook with many illustrations which was published in the 18th and 19th centuries' Japan. To describe a townscape is a process of abstracting the valued elements from the actual townscape. The values used in its process are not necessarily private, but usually public shared by the society, class and city. So we can elucidate the characteristics of the publicly perceived townscape by analyzing the description of townscape which has been widely accepted by the citizen.We have analyzed those illustrations in the Meisho-zues in four viewpoints. First, where were distributed the favorite scenes of the Edo priod citizens ? Second, what sequence did they adopt in constructing a story of their city's townscape from a series of scenes ? Third, what means and techniques did they adopt to express the charms of their townscape ? Fourth, what kinds of elements were drawn in those illustrations ?This study explains the correlation between the structure of townscape and the organization of urban space. In the Edo period, Tokyo was a town of waters and terraces. Its structure of townscape was deeply influenced by the waterfront and the terrace edge. Nagoya was a castle town on a low and flat terrace. Its structure of townscape was framed by the north-south main street and the terrace edge. Kyoto was an old town of temples and citizens in a basin. Its structure of townscape was composed by the topography and the gridiron street pattern of ancient origin. Oaska was a town of bridges and merchants on a low reclamation land which was fringed by a long terrace on the east side. Its structure of townscape was dominated by the water and the mercantile values.