Plasma Separation with Inorganic Membranes Using Bovine Blood

膜血浆分离技术包括微滤法，在治疗性和供体分离中使用压力驱动膜过程将血浆从血液中分离出来。本研究的目的是开发用于血浆分离的无机膜1。洗脱试验：使用纯水、1N硝酸、500ppm次氯酸钠或牛血浆进行洗脱试验，以确定所测试的烧结陶瓷膜和多孔玻璃膜的洗脱成分，依据日本厚生福利省的血液透析器批准标准。氧化铝陶瓷烧结膜洗脱出相当少量的膜成分。对于多孔玻璃膜，没有发现铝的洗脱，而每个测试液都洗脱了大量的硼和硅。用硝酸洗涤后，用纯水洗脱少量的硼和硅，用牛血浆洗脱大量的硼和硅。需要进行表面改性，以防止硼和硅从多孔玻璃膜中淋洗。过滤试验：研制了用于血浆分离的多孔玻璃膜。孔径大于4×lt；10^(-7)m，孔隙率大于40%的多孔玻璃膜的过滤性能与聚合物膜相当。没有观察到任何多孔玻璃膜的溶血，即使在升高的跨膜压力下也是如此。用化学物质冲洗可以使受污染的膜完全和重复地再生。与聚合物膜相比，这是一个主要的优势。在跨膜压力为13.3kPa、壁面剪切率为2000&lt；S^(-1)&gt；时，膜的过滤通量最大，约为聚合物膜的4倍。

Techniques of membrane plasma separation consist of the microfiltration method in which a pressure-driven membrane process is used to separate plasma from blood in therapeutic and donor apheresis. The objective of the present study is to develop inorganic membranes for plasma separation.1. Elution Test : Elution tests using either pure water, 1N nitric acid, 500ppm sodium hypochlorite or bovine plasma were made to elucidate the elution of membrane constitutes from the sintered ceramic and porous glass membranes tested, based on the Standards for Approval of Hemodialyzers, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. Sintered ceramic membranes of aluminum oxide eluted fairly small amounts of membrane constituents. No elution of aluminum were found for porous glass membranes, while large amounts of boron and silicon were eluted with each test solution. After rinsing with nitric acid, boron and silicon were eluted in small amounts with pure water and in large amounts with bovine plasma. Surface modification is required to prevent the elution of boron and silicon from porous glass membranes.2. Filtration Test : Porous glass membranes were developed for plasma separation. Porous glass membranes over 4x <10^(-7)> m in pore diameter and over 40% in porosity were practically equal to polymer membranes in filtration characteristics. No hemolysis was observed for any porous glass membranes even at elevated transmembrane pressures. Rinsing with chemicals allowed complete and repeated regeneration of fouled membranes. This is a major advantage compared to polymer membranes. Maximal filtrate flux was obtained for membranes with a pore diameter of 1x <10^(-6)> m at a transmembrane pressure of 13.3 kPa and a wall shear rate of 2000 <s^(-1)> , which was about four times that of polymer membranes.