Research on "Public-Private" Function Allotment in New Community

近年来，我国社会日益城市化、计算机化，老龄人口比例越来越高，一方面各种社会制度规模越来越大，官僚主义层出不穷，另一方面人们强烈要求获得个人的自主权和生活的私营化。对相关文献和田野调查的分析表明，在如此复杂的形势下，公私职能如何分配成为关键问题之一。具体来说，我们系统地探讨了社区生活问题管理中公私职能分配的各个方面的问题，选取了几个典型的城镇和村庄作为研究地点，分析了(1)地方政府的社区政策和人民的实际生活需要，(2)双方的差异和双方冲突的发生机制，(3)社区协会和领导人的角色，(4)人们的“公私合一”观念意识。针对新社区的形成，我们聚焦福利和医疗方面的公私职能分配问题，对萨沃内村和萨库区的初级保健活动进行了深入的研究。对鹤冈市社区领导人的公私观念进行了邮寄调查，研究表明，公私职能的分配方式取决于社区中暴露的生活问题的不同，人们的公私观念意识因社区情况的不同而有很大差异，具有奥迪亚的基本共同模式。什么是理想的社区模式，公私营职能在我们的社会中应该如何分配，是我们现在应该探讨的重要话题。

As recent years our society has been increasingly urbanizied,computerized and getting high ratio of aged people, on the one hand every social system has been expanding bigger and bigger and the bureaucracy has developed at every level of the system, on the other hand people want strongly to get the autonomy of the individual and the privatization of the life. It has been definitely shown by the analysis of the related litelature and field researches that under such complex situations an issue of how to allot public and private function is becoming one of critical problems.Specifically, we inverstigated systematicaly various aspects of problems on public-private function allotment at the management of issues of community life, to choose several typical cities,towns and villages as sites of research and to analyze (1) community policy of local government and people's actual needs in their lives, (2) differences of the both sides and a mechanism of occurence of conflict of the both sides, (3) roles of community associations and leaders, (4) people's consciousness of idea of "public-private".In relation to the formation of new community, we focused on the problem of public-private function allotment at welfare and medical care to make research intensively primary care activities at Sawauchi village and Saku district. We carried out postal survey on idea of public-private of community leaders at Tsuruoka city.Our study showed the way of public-private function allotment depends on differences of revealed life issues in the community and the people's consciousness of publi-private idea is very variable by the situations of community, buy they have basic common pattern of the odea. What ideal models of community is and howpublic-private function allotment should be in our society are impoetant topics that we should inverstigate now.