Basic Study for the Develoment of Teaching Method and Leadership in the Field of Earth Sciences Education

1.主要讨论教学、领导与自然的特征（1）师生互动中的教学与领导：这种互动包括信息、领导和发现三种活动。我们提出了开发一种网络上的小型信息系统和一种接口。在这种互动中，领导需要四种效应，即核心效应、白乐效应、侏儒效应和光环效应。发现活动是信息与领导相结合的活动，是地球科学教育的一项特色活动。(2)自然特征：将地球科学教育领域中的自然特征概括为未发现的现象观、封闭系统观、综合科学观、跨学科研究观和道德科学规律观五种观点。当学生选择学习主题时，我们建议教师结合这些观点来建议学生.实施例研究了五个主题，宇家的“珊瑚礁”、水山的“琵琶湖”、田中的“纪仓火山”、俊康的“海水中的物质”和渡边的“雪的结晶”。参考资料通过问答的方式研究了学生对琵琶湖现象的兴趣。

1. Main discussion for teaching, leadreship and characters of nature (1) Tesching and leadership in schools by interaction between pupils and teachers: This interaction includes three activities, infoumation, leadersip and discovery. we proposed to develop a kind of mini informa on-network and a kind of interface. Leadership needs in this interaction four types of effect, nucleus effect, Hakuraku effect (person in anicient China), Pygmalion effect (play of Bernard Shaw) and halo effect (phenomenon of physics). Discovery is an activity combined infomation and leadership, and is to be a special activity for earth sciences education. (2) Charaters of nature: Characters of nature in the fields of earth sciences education are summarized as five view points, undiscovered phenomena, closed system, integrated scince, interdisciplinary studies and morality as scienitific law. When pupils choose theme of study, we recommend the teacher to advice pupils by combination of these view points.2. Examples Five subjects were studied, "Coral reef" by Ujiie, "Biwa Lake" by Mizuyama, "Norikura Volcanic Mountain" by Tanaka, "Materials in the sea water" by Toshiyasu and "Crystal from of snow" by Watanabe.3. References Pupils interest on the phenomena of Biwa Lake were studied by question and answer.