Gravity and Structure of Universe

关于宇宙的结构，有两类问题，即“全局”问题和“局部”问题。全局结构意味着超越当前视界的整体结构，这个问题涉及到宇宙的量子创生和创生后的暴胀。局域结构包括密度微扰的产生和对暗物质和重子物质密度结构的认识问题。另一方面，包括引力在内的统一理论如弦论的尝试表明了广义相对论的修正，这可能会影响到宇宙创生的过程。考虑到这些情况，本研究项目是为了研究这两个方面的结构与重力理论的关系而组织的。量子宇宙学：通过引入宇宙时间变量、量子黑洞，建立了惠勒-德威特方程的类薛定谔公式。拉格朗日函数R^2：混沌暴胀、黑洞结构、非线性引力波宇宙模型的新效应：高维mixmaster模型、Nariai度规和Kantowski度规暴胀：封闭模型的混沌暴胀、暴胀阶段重子数的产生、曲率涨落的产生以及再加热阶段粒子和反粒子的分离。暗物质和核合成：轻子数和He，Li丰度，衰变粒子对宇宙背景光谱的修改结构形成：规范不变理论中等温微扰的增长，宇宙弦和螺旋星系自转速度形成星系，IRAS数据与包含衰变粒子和宇宙学常数的宇宙模型的比较。

As to the structure of universe, there are two kinds of problem, that is, "global" and "local". Global structure implies an overall structure beyond the present horizon ahd this problem is related to a scenario of quantum creation of universe and the Inflation afte that. Local structure comprises problems on generation of density perturbation and recognition of the present density structure for dark matter as well as for baryon matter. On the other hand, trial of the unified theory including gravity such as the string theory has indicated a modifiction of the general relativity, which might affect the process near the creation of universe. Considering these situations, this research project was organised in order to study these two aspects of the structure in relation to the theory of gravity.The subjects stdied in this project include the followings. Quantum Cosmology : Schrodinger like formulation of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation through an introduction of the cosmic-time variables, quantum black hole. Lagrangian with R^2 : New effects for chaotic inflation, black hole structure, nonlinear gravitational wave Universe models : higher dimensional mixmaster model, Nariai metric and Kantowski metric Inflation : chaotic inflation of closed models, baryon number generation during the inflation stage, generation of curveture fluctuation and separation of particle and antiparticles at the reheating phase. Dark matter and nucleosynthesis : lepton number and He, Li abundance, spectrum modification of the cosmic background by decaying particles Structure formation : growth of isothermal perturbation in gauge-invariant theory, galaxy formation by cosmic string and rotation velocity of spiral galaxy, comparison of IRAS data with universe models containing decaying particles and cosmological constant.