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The Formulation and Decision, Screening, and Terminationof the Purge Directives

清洗指令的制定、决定、筛选和终止

基本信息

批准号：
61520033
负责人：
MASUDA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
University of the Ryukyus
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61520033/
关键词：
MacArthur's GHQ The purge directives SCAPIN-550 & 548 The militalization and democratization of Japan Ultranationalists Dissolved the purgees The cold war 対日平和条約公職追放令(SCAPIN-550&548)の形成決定過程 GHQ民政局 SWNCC JCS 元GS公職課長ネーピア日本国際政治

项目摘要

This research aims to clarify the process of formulating, screening, and terminating the purge directives, SCAPIN-550 (Removal and Exclusion of Undesirable Personnel from Public Office) ans SCAPIN-548 (Abolition of Certain Political Parties, Associations, Societies and Other Organizations) which MacArthus's GHQ on January 4, 1946 ordered the Japanese government to execute. Despite the decisiveness of the purge in the demilitarization and democratization of Japan in the post-war period, this has hardly been studied in Japan or in the UNited States.There appeared three characteristics in the formulation-process: firstly, that SAPIN-550 was gradually recognized as being more important, especially for the coming election, than SCAPIN-548 although the former seemed to be subordinated to the latter in the beginning. Secondly, there appeared many differences between the purge in Germany and in Japan in the final stage, although the purge policy in Japan originally followed the German example. And finally,the original, severe policy towards ultranationalists was gradually moderated by internal politics in GHQ, as seen by the decreasing number of purgees and of organizations, except the range of military offecers.With the purge directives, which the Japanese were forced to execute after February, 1946, two hundred-thousand Japanese were eventually removed and excluded from public office until March, 1948. However, after the termination of the purge, the Japanese government gradually dissolved the purgees under the cold war and finally the peace treaty with Japan brought the purge to end in April, 1952.

本研究旨在阐明1946年1月4日麦克阿瑟斯总司令部命令日本政府执行的清洗指令SCAPIN-550（清除和排除不良人员）和SCAPIN-548（废除某些政党、协会、社团和其他组织）的制定、筛选和终止过程。尽管在战后日本的非军事化和民主化过程中进行了决定性的清洗，但在日本或美国几乎没有对其进行研究。在拟订过程中出现了三个特点：第一，人们逐渐认识到SAPIN-550比SCAPIN-548更重要，特别是对即将到来的选举而言，尽管前者在开始时似乎从属于后者。其次，虽然日本的清洗政策最初是模仿德国的，但在最后阶段，德国和日本的清洗政策出现了许多差异。最后，最初对极端民族主义者的严厉政策逐渐被GHQ的内部政治所缓和，从清洗和组织数量的减少可以看出，除了军官的范围。根据1946年2月后日本人被迫执行的清洗指令，20万日本人最终被驱逐，并被禁止担任公职，直到1948年3月。然而，大清洗结束后，日本政府在冷战下逐渐解散了清洗，最终与日本签订了和平条约，于1952年4月结束了清洗。