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The Formulation and Decision, Screening, and Terminationof the Purge Directives

清洗指令的制定、决定、筛选和终止

基本信息

批准号：
61520033
负责人：
MASUDA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
University of the Ryukyus
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61520033/
关键词：
MacArthur's GHQ The purge directives SCAPIN-550 & 548 The militalization and democratization of Japan Ultranationalists Dissolved the purgees The cold war 対日平和条約公職追放令(SCAPIN-550&548)の形成決定過程 GHQ民政局 SWNCC JCS 元GS公職課長ネーピア日本国際政治

项目摘要

This research aims to clarify the process of formulating, screening, and terminating the purge directives, SCAPIN-550 (Removal and Exclusion of Undesirable Personnel from Public Office) ans SCAPIN-548 (Abolition of Certain Political Parties, Associations, Societies and Other Organizations) which MacArthus's GHQ on January 4, 1946 ordered the Japanese government to execute. Despite the decisiveness of the purge in the demilitarization and democratization of Japan in the post-war period, this has hardly been studied in Japan or in the UNited States.There appeared three characteristics in the formulation-process: firstly, that SAPIN-550 was gradually recognized as being more important, especially for the coming election, than SCAPIN-548 although the former seemed to be subordinated to the latter in the beginning. Secondly, there appeared many differences between the purge in Germany and in Japan in the final stage, although the purge policy in Japan originally followed the German example. And finally,the original, severe policy towards ultranationalists was gradually moderated by internal politics in GHQ, as seen by the decreasing number of purgees and of organizations, except the range of military offecers.With the purge directives, which the Japanese were forced to execute after February, 1946, two hundred-thousand Japanese were eventually removed and excluded from public office until March, 1948. However, after the termination of the purge, the Japanese government gradually dissolved the purgees under the cold war and finally the peace treaty with Japan brought the purge to end in April, 1952.

本研究的目的是澄清制定，筛选和终止清洗指令的过程，SCAPIN-550（从公职中去除和排除不受欢迎的人员）和SCAPIN-548（废除某些政党，协会，社团和其他组织），MacArthus的GHQ于1946年1月4日命令日本政府执行。尽管清洗对战后日本的非军事化和民主化具有决定性作用，但日本和美国对此几乎没有研究，其制定过程出现了三个特点：第一，SAPIN-550逐渐被认为是更重要的，特别是对于即将到来的选举，而SCAPIN-548则更胜一筹，尽管前者似乎在一开始就从属于后者。第二，虽然日本的整肃政策最初是仿效德国的，但在最后阶段，德国的整肃与日本的整肃出现了许多不同。最后，最初对极端民族主义者的严厉政策逐渐被总司令部的内部政治所缓和，这表现在除了军事贡献者之外，清洗组织和组织的数量都在减少。随着1946年2月后日本人被迫执行的清洗指令，最终有20万日本人被撤职，并被排除在公职之外，直到1948年3月。然而，清洗结束后，日本政府在冷战的背景下逐步解散了清洗，最终于1952年4月与日本签订了和平条约，清洗结束。