Methodology for Safety Improvement Planning of Ports and Harbours Facilities Considering Captains' View for Safe Manoeuvre

在港口和港口设施的安全改进规划中，不仅要考虑经济方面，还要考虑船长对风险的态度，因为安全改进计划的可行性不仅取决于港口管理者的利益，也取决于船长作为港口使用者的利益。为了规划和设计港口和港口设施，有必要了解它们对船长的安全程度。从这个角度出发，首先讨论了港口船舶操纵安全水平的评价方法。针对这一问题，采用基于计算机仿真的分析模型，对船长在靠泊操纵过程中应承担的潜在风险程度进行了评估。其次，为了保证港外锚地船舶的安全，每艘船舶必须在与其他被锚船舶保持适当距离的地点下锚。在此基础上，讨论了如何确定锚碇船舶之间的最小间隙的基本思想，并提出了估计自身船舶周围对障碍物保持的最小间隙的模型。第三，为了说明在港口设施的规划设计中应如何考虑船长对风险的态度，以船长在暴风雨天气下的避难行动的决策标准为例，介绍了一种基于风险-成本-效益分析的港口设施安全改进规划方法，并通过案例分析检验了其实用性。

In the safety improvement planning of the port and harbour facilities, not only the economical aspects but also the captains' attitude to the risk should be taken into account, because the feasibility of the safety improvement plans depends on not only the port administrator's benefits but also the captains' as port users.In order to plan and design the port and harbour facilities, it is necessary to know how safe they are for the captains. From this point of view, firstly, the methodology to assess the safety level of the vessel maneuvering in port is discussed. Concerning this problem, an analytical model based on the computer simulations is employed to assess the degree of the potential risk which the captain should be charged during the berthing maneuvering.Secondly, to assure the safety of the vessels at the anchorage outside the port, each vessel has to drop her anchor at a point appropriate distance apart from the other anchored vessels. In this connection, the basic idea how to decide such clearance between anchored vessels is discussed and the model to estimate the minimum clearance to be kept around the own vessel against the obstacles is proposed.Thirdly, to show how the captains' attitude to the risk should be taken into consideration in planning and design of the port and harbour facilities, the captains' decision criteria for the refuge action under stormy wether is discussed for an example and a method of the safety improvement planning of port and harbour facilities based on the risk-cost-benefit analysis and the examines its usefulness by the case studies are introduced.