Methodology for Safety Improvement Planning of Ports and Harbours Facilities Considering Captains' View for Safe Manoeuvre

在港口设施安全改进规划中，不仅要考虑经济方面的因素，而且要考虑船长对风险的态度，因为安全改进计划的可行性不仅取决于港口管理者的利益，也取决于作为港口使用者的船长的利益。有必要知道它们对船长的安全性。从这一角度出发，本文首先探讨了港口船舶操纵安全水平的评估方法。针对这一问题，通过计算机仿真建立了一个分析模型，对船长在靠泊操纵过程中所应承担的潜在风险程度进行了评估。其次，为了保证港外锚地船舶的安全，每艘船舶都必须在与其他锚泊船舶保持适当距离的地方抛锚。在此基础上，讨论了锚泊船舶之间的最小间距的确定方法，提出了本船与障碍物之间最小间距的估算模型。第三，说明在港口设施规划设计中应如何考虑船长对风险的态度。本文以风浪条件下船长避险决策准则为例，介绍了基于风险-费用-效益分析的港口设施安全改进规划方法，并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。

In the safety improvement planning of the port and harbour facilities, not only the economical aspects but also the captains' attitude to the risk should be taken into account, because the feasibility of the safety improvement plans depends on not only the port administrator's benefits but also the captains' as port users.In order to plan and design the port and harbour facilities, it is necessary to know how safe they are for the captains. From this point of view, firstly, the methodology to assess the safety level of the vessel maneuvering in port is discussed. Concerning this problem, an analytical model based on the computer simulations is employed to assess the degree of the potential risk which the captain should be charged during the berthing maneuvering.Secondly, to assure the safety of the vessels at the anchorage outside the port, each vessel has to drop her anchor at a point appropriate distance apart from the other anchored vessels. In this connection, the basic idea how to decide such clearance between anchored vessels is discussed and the model to estimate the minimum clearance to be kept around the own vessel against the obstacles is proposed.Thirdly, to show how the captains' attitude to the risk should be taken into consideration in planning and design of the port and harbour facilities, the captains' decision criteria for the refuge action under stormy wether is discussed for an example and a method of the safety improvement planning of port and harbour facilities based on the risk-cost-benefit analysis and the examines its usefulness by the case studies are introduced.