Groundwater Flow in Rock Mass at Deep Depth.

研究了深部岩体中的地下水流动和孔压特征。研究结果表明：(1)对于渗透率大于10^~(-9)cm/s的完整岩石，三轴封闭条件下的渗透性测试效果较好。由于堵塞了小颗粒岩石中的孔隙，流量通常会随着时间的推移而降低。(2)孔压降低了多孔岩石的强度。(3)专门针对节理岩石设计的渗透率测试仪，可以通过背压阀独立控制进出口压力，并通过电子天平-微电脑系统准确测量流出量。(4)失配节理比匹配节理具有更强的渗透性，表现出低的刚度和膨胀性。这些节理的渗透性受围压和孔压的影响很大。在高压力梯度下，沿节理的渗流不符合达西定律。(5)错配节理的渗流模型必须考虑裂缝中复杂多变的孔道系统的渗流和孔道性质。

The characteristics of the groundwater flow and the pore pressure in rock masses at deep depth are studied. The obtained results are as follows:(1) The triaxial confining condition is excellent for the permeability test of intact rocks whose permiability is more than 10^<-9> cm/sec. The flow rate usually decreases with time, due to blocking the pores in the rocks with small grains.(2)The pore pressure reduces the strength of porous rocks. The strength reduction of rocks with low porosity is also caused under greatly forced pore pressure.(3) The permeability testing apparatus apecially designed for jointed rocks can control the inlet and outlet pressures independently by a back pressure valve and can measure the amount of outflow correctly by electlonic balance-micro computer system.(4) The mismatched joint which shows low stiffness and dilatancy is more permeable than the matched joint. The permeability of these joints is much influenced by the confining pressure and pore pressure. Under high pressure gradient, the flow along such joints does not follow the Darcy's law.(5) The permeability model of mismatched joint must be considered as the flow through a system of tortuous and variable channels and the channel nature in fractures.