An environmental system study for desirable underground developments and utilizations.

地下空间的利用在日本已成为一个引人注目的中心。地下工程的意义在于正确利用地下环境所固有的特性和能力，尽管这些特性在过去给我们的印象中大多是负面的。勘探、设计、施工和防灾等方面的技术发展是必要的，环境控制的许多问题是成功的。然而，地下工程的环境控制是一项艰巨的任务。在项目实施过程中，充分利用每一项技术的总体系统考虑[系统工程]是必不可少的。从环境系统的观点指出：（1）地下空间的合理布局--应规划有序的系统空间和不受干扰的区域，包括各开口在时间上的开发顺序。（2）从长远角度对地下结构进行全面规划--地下空间保存完好（例如大多数遗址都保存在地下），几乎无法恢复。从规划之初就必须考虑到废弃这些设施对环境的影响。（3）及时预测，监察及采取预防措施，以防止环境受到干扰？？大部分在明显出现不良影响后才采取的措施，通常费用昂贵，技术上亦有困难。因此，及时预测相关趋势是可取的。向居民提供有关执行和发展状况的相关信息也是保持他们安心的必要条件。

Underground space utilization has become a center of attraction recently in Japan. Its significance lies in the proper use of the characteristics and the capabilities which underground environments inherently possess, though most of these characteristics have given us negative impressions in the past.Technical developments in exploration, design, excution, and disaster preventing are necessary and many problems for environmental control ahve to be solved for success of such projects.However, general systematic considerations [ system engineering ] in making full use of each technique are essential in the process of the excution of projects. The following are pointed out from an environmental system view points :(1)proper arrangement fo underground spaces - orderly sytematic spaces with undisturbed area should be planned, including the order of development of each opening in time.(2)comprehensive planning of underground structures from a long time view point - underground space preserves well ( e.g.most ruins are well preseved underground ) and is almost unrecoverable. The effect on the environment when they will be abandoned must be taken into account from the beginning of planning.(3)timely predictions, monitorings and preventive measures against environmental disturbance - most measures taken after undesirable effects become plainly evident are usually expensive and are difficult technically. Therefore, timely predictions of pertinent trends are desirable. Offer of pertinent informations to inhabitants on the state of excution and development are also desirable for keeping their mind at rest.