An environmental system study for desirable underground developments and utilizations.

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Underground space utilization has become a center of attraction recently in Japan. Its significance lies in the proper use of the characteristics and the capabilities which underground environments inherently possess, though most of these characteristics have given us negative impressions in the past.Technical developments in exploration, design, excution, and disaster preventing are necessary and many problems for environmental control ahve to be solved for success of such projects.However, general systematic considerations [ system engineering ] in making full use of each technique are essential in the process of the excution of projects. The following are pointed out from an environmental system view points :(1)proper arrangement fo underground spaces - orderly sytematic spaces with undisturbed area should be planned, including the order of development of each opening in time.(2)comprehensive planning of underground structures from a long time view point - underground space preserves well ( e.g.most ruins are well preseved underground ) and is almost unrecoverable. The effect on the environment when they will be abandoned must be taken into account from the beginning of planning.(3)timely predictions, monitorings and preventive measures against environmental disturbance - most measures taken after undesirable effects become plainly evident are usually expensive and are difficult technically. Therefore, timely predictions of pertinent trends are desirable. Offer of pertinent informations to inhabitants on the state of excution and development are also desirable for keeping their mind at rest.