Social Psychological Investigations on Emerging Processes of "Social Bondings" in the Urban Life.

本课题组从女性社会地位的变化、社区对公民个人的控制力下降、老年人问题等几个方面，对日本都市化社会中的“社会纽带”进行了研究。研究结论如下：1.人与人之间的关系随着城市化而改变。城市化使传统的人际关系分化为结构关系、范畴关系和人际关系三种类型。结构性的是指在社会结构性的环境中形成的，例如角色关系。而绝对的判断则是基于对他人的刻板印象。这两种关系都是面向问题解决或任务完成的。另一方面，个人的更情绪化，他们促进自我实现的成员。城市化带来的一个重要后果是城市社会环境中的范畴关系占主导地位，结构关系与个人关系分离。这种现象被称为“生命的个体化和社会化”。城市人常被批评为冷漠或自私，但许多适应城市生活环境的人实际上是在应对差异化和复杂的人际关系，他们有一种现代城市化社会的生活方式，我们称之为“城市生活方式”。进一步的调查应该做的个人关系亲密只在一个家庭或各种封闭的群体在我们的社会。但是，它需要越来越多的努力，以获得良好的个人关系与他人。这可能会引起各种心理或社会问题。

Our project group has investigated "social bondings" in Japanese urbanized society from several perspectives, e.g. changes of women's social status, declines of community control over individual citizens, problems of the aged, etc.. the conclusions of our researches are following :1. Human relationships have changed as results of urbanizations.2. The urbanizations had differentiated traditional human relations into three different types, i.e. structural, categorical, and personal relations. the structural ones mean they are formed in socially structured settings, for example, role relationships. And the categorical ones are based upon stereotyped judgments about others. These two types of relations are oriented to problem-solutions or task-achievements. On the other hand, the personal ones are more emotional and they facilitate self-actualizations of members.3. One of important consequences caused by the urbanization was that categorical relations became dominant and structural relations were segragated from personal ones in urban social environments. this phenomena were called as "individuation and socialization of life".4. Urbanized people were often criticized as being cold or selfinterested, but many people adjusted themselves to urban life environments were actually tactful in coping with differentiated and complicated human relations and they have a type of life style for modern urbanized society, which we called "a urban life style".5. Further investigations should be done about personal relations intimacy only in a family or vary closed groups in our society. But, it requires more and more efforts to get good personal relations with others. it might be that this could cause various psychological or social problems.