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Social Psychological Investigations on Emerging Processes of "Social Bondings" in the Urban Life.

对城市生活中“社会纽带”的出现过程的社会心理学调查。

基本信息

批准号：
62301018
负责人：
HASHIMOTO Hitoshi
金额：
$ 3.52万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Our project group has investigated "social bondings" in Japanese urbanized society from several perspectives, e.g. changes of women's social status, declines of community control over individual citizens, problems of the aged, etc.. the conclusions of our researches are following :1. Human relationships have changed as results of urbanizations.2. The urbanizations had differentiated traditional human relations into three different types, i.e. structural, categorical, and personal relations. the structural ones mean they are formed in socially structured settings, for example, role relationships. And the categorical ones are based upon stereotyped judgments about others. These two types of relations are oriented to problem-solutions or task-achievements. On the other hand, the personal ones are more emotional and they facilitate self-actualizations of members.3. One of important consequences caused by the urbanization was that categorical relations became dominant and structural relations were segragated from personal ones in urban social environments. this phenomena were called as "individuation and socialization of life".4. Urbanized people were often criticized as being cold or selfinterested, but many people adjusted themselves to urban life environments were actually tactful in coping with differentiated and complicated human relations and they have a type of life style for modern urbanized society, which we called "a urban life style".5. Further investigations should be done about personal relations intimacy only in a family or vary closed groups in our society. But, it requires more and more efforts to get good personal relations with others. it might be that this could cause various psychological or social problems.

我们的项目组从多个角度研究了日本城市化社会中的“社会纽带”。妇女社会地位的变化、社区对公民个人控制力的下降、老龄化问题等。我们的研究结论如下： 1．城市化导致人际关系发生了变化。2．城市化将传统的人际关系分为三种不同类型，即结构关系、类别关系和个人关系。结构性意味着它们是在社会结构化环境中形成的，例如角色关系。绝对的判断是基于对他人的刻板判断。这两类关系都是以问题解决或任务成就为导向的。另一方面，个人的则更加情绪化，有利于成员的自我实现。3．城市化造成的重要后果之一是城市社会环境中范畴关系占主导地位，结构关系与个人关系分离。这种现象被称为“生活的个性化和社会化”。4．城市化的人们常被批评为冷漠、自私，但许多适应城市生活环境的人，实际上在应对差异化、复杂的人际关系方面表现得十分机智，形成了一种适合现代城市化社会的生活方式，我们称之为“城市生活方式”。 5．应该对我们社会中的家庭或不同封闭群体中的人际关系亲密程度进行进一步的调查。但是，与他人建立良好的人际关系需要越来越多的努力。这可能会导致各种心理或社会问题。