The Analysis of the retrograde pathway from the Golgi to the ER by using newly developed prode.

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Secretory proteins are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Only properly folded proteins can be packed into transport vesicles and transported to the Golgi apparatus. When the proteins are recognized as mal-folded proteins, they are captured and brought back to the ER via so-called retrograde pathways. In this study, we developed a new system by which you can observe and record the movement on this retrograde pathways in real time. And by using this system, we identified a series of proteins that control the retrograde pathways and revealed one aspect of this very complexed transport mechanism.