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Interrelation among organs in crop plants under various environmental conditions

不同环境条件下农作物器官之间的相互关系

基本信息

批准号：
62304014
负责人：
ISHIHARA Kuni
金额：
$ 8.83万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62304014/
关键词：
Crop Plant Root Shoot Photosynthesis Partitioning Accumulation Phytohormon Correlation 茎葉部蒸散転流

项目摘要

Crop Plants consist of many organs including root, stem and leaf. The size, construction and physiological activity of one organ are frequently determined by those of another. The interrelation among organs are much changed by environmental conditions. This cooperative research was carried out to study the interrelation among organs in crop plants under various condition for improving crop cultivation technique.1. Leaf and stem growth, dry matter production and yield were much influenced by root development and its physiological activity. Maintenance of photosynthetic activity and leaf senescence were closely related to exudation rate and the amount of cytokinin transported from root to shoot. Dry matter production and yield were reduced by decrease in root weight and size due to decreasing in stem diameter or soil water deficit.2. Increase in seed weight was inhibited by high concentration of ammonia in endosperm in rice plants under such stress condition as to decrease root activity at ripening stage. Leaf application of Triacontanol inhibited the degradation of protein in leaves, so nitrogen transport to panicles was decreased and the concentration of nitrogen in grains became lower. Tuber growth of sweet potato was influenced by leaf photosynthesis which was dependent on potassium-nitrogen ratio in leaves.3. Morphological characteristics of photosynthetical tissue, cells and cell organella are different in leaves, leaf sheath and culms.

作物植物由许多器官组成，包括根、茎和叶。一个器官的大小、结构和生理活动常常由另一个器官的大小、结构和生理活动决定。器官之间的相互关系因环境条件而发生很大变化。本合作研究旨在研究不同条件下作物植株各器官间的相互关系，以改进作物栽培技术.根系发育及其生理活性对叶片和茎的生长、干物质生产和产量有很大影响。光合活性的维持和叶片的衰老与分泌速率和细胞分裂素从根向地上部的运输量密切相关。干物质生产和产量下降的根重和大小由于茎直径减小或土壤水分亏缺.水稻胚乳中氨浓度过高会抑制种子重量的增加，从而降低水稻成熟期根系活力。叶施三十烷醇抑制了叶片蛋白质的降解，减少了氮素向穗部的转运，降低了籽粒中氮素的含量。甘薯块茎生长受叶片光合作用的影响，而叶片光合作用依赖于叶片钾氮比.叶片、叶鞘和秆的光合组织、细胞和细胞器的形态特征不同。