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Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation on Various Roles of Root in Whole Crop Plant Physiology

根在整个作物生理学中各种作用的定性和定量评价

基本信息

批准号：
05404008
负责人：
ISHIHARA Kuni
金额：
$ 22.02万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Roots have various functions such as uptake of water and inorganic nutrients and synthesis of various compounds including plant hormones. They also show the various responses to environmental conditions. This research was conducted to evaluate the role of root in whole crop plant physiology. The results obtained are as follows.(1) In soybeans, drought-tolerance is remarkable and the decrease in dry matter and grain production was small in the cultivars with developed expansive root systems. Mangrove trees growing in the sea water area along the coast could maintain their turgor because they could absorb ground water running out from the land.(2) Root hydrotropism might occur after perception of a difference in water potential by the root tip. Roots could perceive the small gradient of water potential and bend hydrotropically in vermiculite.(3) In the crop plants with well developed root systems and with roots of high physiological activity, root water uptake capacity was high and the midday and afternoon reduction in photosynthetic rate was small. And also the reduction in photosynthetic rate with age was small in these plants.(4) Summer field crop plants in Japan would develop shoots but poor root systems during the rainy season called "Baiu". This would enlarge the adverse effects of soil moisture depletion on dry matter production under the deficient soil moisture conditions and would decrease the efficiency of the irrigated water-use in summer thereafter.(5) Exudation rate was large and leaf senescence was slow during the ripening stage in rice plants cv. Akenohoshi compared with cv. Nipponbare. The larger amounts of cytokinins, in particular conjugated Zeatin, was transported from the roots to the shoots in the former than the latter.

根具有多种功能，例如吸收水和无机营养物以及合成包括植物激素在内的各种化合物。它们还显示了对环境条件的各种反应。本研究旨在评价根系在整个作物生理中的作用。所得结果如下。(1)在大豆中，耐旱性是显着的，在干物质和籽粒产量的下降是小的品种与发达的扩张根系。生长在沿着海水区的红树林，由于能吸收从陆地流出的地下水，所以能保持膨压。(2)根向水性可能发生后，感知的水势差的根尖。根系能感受到较小的水势梯度，在蛭石中发生向水弯曲。(3)根系发达、根系生理活性高的作物，根系吸水能力强，光合速率午间和午后下降幅度小。光合速率随年龄的下降幅度较小。(4)在日本，夏季大田作物在被称为“Baiu”的雨季会长出嫩芽，但根系很差。这将扩大土壤水分亏缺对干物质生产的不利影响，并将降低灌溉水的利用效率在夏季以后的土壤水分亏缺条件下。(5)水稻成熟期叶片渗出量大，叶片衰老缓慢。Akenohoshi与CV.日本晴前者的细胞分裂素，特别是结合玉米素，从根运输到地上部的量比后者大。