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Study on the effects of no-tillage and no-puddling on paddy field ecosystem in rice trnsplanting culture.

免耕免耕对水稻移栽稻田生态系统的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
07306018
负责人：
ISHIHARA Kuni
金额：
$ 3.71万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agricultureand Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07306018/
关键词：
rice no-tillage soil plant pathogen insect pest weed root leaf senescence 不耕起栽培移植栽培深水栽培病害虫農作業

项目摘要

The objective of this study is to compare both short-terms and long terms efect of no-tillage/no-puddling-transplanting cultivation with conventional cultivation on paddy field ecosystem from the point of view of crop science, plant pathology, entomology, weed science, and rice production system.In the Paddy Field Crops Laboratory of Chiba prefecture Agricultural Experiment Station, it is reported that soil organic matter level was increased and its decomposition rate also changed by notillage. Although seath blight problem was not seriously apparent, no-tillage paddy field tended to possess low level of insect pests, dominance of Lycosidae in spider community, and increase of perennial weeds. Moreover, rice growth condition cultivated by no-tillage showed greater development of root in soil layr at which organic matter and inorganic matter are accumulated. In the other hand, the above-ground parts of rice specifically showed late after heading leaf senescence, continuation of high rate photosynthesis, and active physical development of root. In addition, the prediction of harvesting time by measuring soil penetration resistance and deteoting grain shape by scanner technique were also established.Unexpectedly, no-tillage-trnsplanting cultivation resulted significant changes, instead of decreasing changes on paddy field ecosystem. These changes has been producing various effects on rice growth condition. Further examination focused on ecosystem component as well as its ineter-relation within paddy field ecosystem should be taken into account.

本研究从作物学、植物病理学、昆虫学、杂草学和水稻生产系统的角度比较了免耕/免翻栽栽培与常规栽培对稻田生态系统的短期和长期影响。据报道，免耕提高了土壤有机质含量，改变了土壤有机质的分解速率。免耕稻田虽然稻瘟病问题不严重，但害虫发生率低，蜘蛛群落中狼蛛科占优势，多年生杂草增多。此外，免耕水稻生长条件下，有机质和无机质积累的土层根系发育更好。而水稻地上部分则表现出抽穗后叶片衰老晚、光合速率高、根系发育活跃等特点。此外，还通过测量土壤穿透阻力和扫描仪技术检测谷粒形状来预测收获期，结果发现，免耕-插秧栽培不仅没有减少稻田生态系统的变化，反而使稻田生态系统发生了显著变化。这些变化对水稻的生长状况产生了不同的影响。对稻田生态系统各组成部分及其相互关系的研究还有待进一步深入。