Research comparing the different systems and costs through out the world of bringing up children in families with parents working

1. 本研究的目的是了解与产业结构转型、根据就业机会平等法出现的新的妇女工作、妇女工作的形式、时间和职业培训模式的变化有关的儿童保育的实际情况。研究发现：一些新职业的出现，但在这些职业的员工中，有很多兼职工人和合同工，他们的工作情况不规律，工作时间灵活，有变长的趋势。对于像医生、律师和教师这样的传统职业来说，自我培训是维持和赢得职业的重要因素。在这种情况下，传统的日间托儿所不足以保证他们做好自己的工作和自我训练。这种工作时间和育儿时间的不一致迫使女工接受补充护理（双重护理），而补充护理的数量和质量取决于父母的经济负担能力。这种不平等应该从每个孩子平等发展和教育的角度来解决。与美国的托儿所相比，日本的托儿所大多由市政管理，如果可以使用这种公立托儿所，费用占家庭预算的比例保持在5-6%以下，但如果加上补充护理费用，比例为15-50%，这一比例与没有法律支持儿童护理的美国家庭（约15-20%）相当。从现在开始，随着妇女在工作中的作用越来越大，儿童保育问题变得更加重要。接下来的任务是重新考虑以扩大公共护理机构为目标的整体托儿制度，以使儿童的发展和教育机会平等。还有很多工作要做，我们希望继续推进这项研究。

1. The aims of this study are to find out the actual situations of child care in relation to the transformations or industrial structure, the appearance of new woman's jobs according to the equality of job opportunity law, and changing pattern of forms, time and job-training of woman' works.2. The findings are as follows: appearance of several new professions, but among the employees of these professions, there are many part-time workers and the contract employees whose working situations are irregular and working hours are flexible and tend to become long. For these professions like the traditional jobs as doctors, advocates and teachers, self-trainings form important factors to maintain and win their professions. In such situations, the traditional day nursery is insufficient to guarantee for than to do their works and self-trainings.3. This disagreement of length of times of work and child nurse forces woman workers to get the complementary nursing(double nursing), and the amounts and qualities of the complementary nursing depend on parents' economical defrayment ability. This inequality should be resolved from a point of view of the equal development and education of every children.4. In comparison with American nursery, most of Japanese nurseries are managed by municipality, and if one can use such public nursery, the percentage of the fee among family budget keeps under 5-6%, but one adds the fees of the complementary nursing, the percentage amounts 15-50%, and this rate becomes comparable with that of American family (about 15-20%) which has no legal support on child nursing.5. From now, in accordance to the increasing role of woman's work, problems of child care become more important. Next tasks are to reconsider the total systems of child care aiming to enlarge public nursing institutions for the sake of equal opportunities of children's development and education. Many tasks rest and we would like to continue and advance this research.