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Research comparing the different systems and costs through out the world of bringing up children in families with parents working

研究比较了世界各地在父母工作的家庭中抚养孩子的不同制度和成本

基本信息

批准号：
62410004
负责人：
NAKATA Teruko
金额：
$ 5.82万
依托单位：
agoya Municipal Women's College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. The aims of this study are to find out the actual situations of child care in relation to the transformations or industrial structure, the appearance of new woman's jobs according to the equality of job opportunity law, and changing pattern of forms, time and job-training of woman' works.2. The findings are as follows: appearance of several new professions, but among the employees of these professions, there are many part-time workers and the contract employees whose working situations are irregular and working hours are flexible and tend to become long. For these professions like the traditional jobs as doctors, advocates and teachers, self-trainings form important factors to maintain and win their professions. In such situations, the traditional day nursery is insufficient to guarantee for than to do their works and self-trainings.3. This disagreement of length of times of work and child nurse forces woman workers to get the complementary nursing(double nursing), and the amounts and qualities of the complementary nursing depend on parents' economical defrayment ability. This inequality should be resolved from a point of view of the equal development and education of every children.4. In comparison with American nursery, most of Japanese nurseries are managed by municipality, and if one can use such public nursery, the percentage of the fee among family budget keeps under 5-6%, but one adds the fees of the complementary nursing, the percentage amounts 15-50%, and this rate becomes comparable with that of American family (about 15-20%) which has no legal support on child nursing.5. From now, in accordance to the increasing role of woman's work, problems of child care become more important. Next tasks are to reconsider the total systems of child care aiming to enlarge public nursing institutions for the sake of equal opportunities of children's development and education. Many tasks rest and we would like to continue and advance this research.

1.本研究的目的是了解育儿的实际情况与产业结构的转变、根据工作机会平等法出现的新的妇女工作以及妇女工作的形式、时间和职业培训的变化模式的关系。调查结果如下：一些新职业的出现，但在这些职业的雇员中，有许多兼职工人和合同雇员，他们的工作情况不稳定，工作时间灵活，而且往往很长。对于像医生、律师和教师这样的传统职业来说，自我培训是保持和赢得职业的重要因素。在这种情况下，传统的日托机构不足以保证幼儿的工作和自我训练。这种工作时间和育儿时间的不一致迫使女工接受补充护理（双重护理），而补充护理的数量和质量取决于父母的经济支付能力。应该从每个儿童平等发展和教育的角度来解决这种不平等。与美国托儿所相比，日本托儿所大多由市政府管理，如果能使用这种公立托儿所，费用占家庭预算的百分比保持在5- 6%以下，但如果加上补充护理费用，百分比达到15- 50%，这一比率与美国家庭的比率（约15-20%）相当，美国家庭在育儿方面没有法律的支持。从现在起，随着妇女工作的作用越来越大，儿童保育问题变得更加重要。下一个任务是重新考虑儿童保育的整个系统，旨在扩大公立护理机构，以实现儿童发展和教育的平等机会。许多任务休息，我们想继续和推进这项研究。