A Japan U.S.comparative study of Social welfare support system for fomale-headed family oceuring in the tendenncy of "the femoization of poverty"

本研究（1993-1995）是作为教育部社会科学研究基金资助的“美日共同工作家庭的儿童保育制度及其负担的比较研究”（1987-1989）的连续研究而进行的。先前的研究表明，在妇女是主要生活来源的“女户主家庭”中，工作时照顾子女的困难尤为明显。因此，在这项研究中，研究的重点是澄清“女户主家庭”的困难和必要的社会福利服务，以诱导这些家庭的独立。研究进展-本研究从女性主义研究的视角进行。1993年和1994年夏天，在美国的研究中，在密歇根州底特律及其周边地区进行了采访。1993年，对独立的“女户主家庭”进行了15次访谈，1994年，在一些公共援助下进行了36次访谈。在r 关于我们 特别是在日本，考虑到与美国相同的比较，在名古屋及其周边地区进行了采访，这些地区在一般大都市地区明显存在社会福利问题。1994年至1995年期间，对42个接受公共和/或私人社会福利服务的“女户主家庭”进行了访谈。摘要-根据美日比较研究的结果，很明显，现有的社会福利政策并没有有效地促进“女户主家庭”的独立性。在美国和日本，父母及其子女连续两代人成为AFDC和/或某些社会服务的受益者的证据证明，现有的社会福利不足以终止“贫困女性化”的循环。原因之一是，“女户主家庭”在工作时照顾子女的公共支助系统效率低下。尚未有效地为“女户主家庭”制定职业和/或教育方案，以实现独立。在公共儿童保育系统方面，日本走在前面，在职业和/或教育支助方面，各州分别采取行动。换句话说，采用这两种社会支持系统迫在眉睫。为了促进“女户主家庭”的独立性，并持续地阻止“贫困女性化”，必须重新审视站在女性主义视角上的社会福利，将性别制度视为一种现存的结构性性别歧视。少

-Objective-The sutdy (1993-1995) was conducted as a consecutive study of "US-Japan Comparable Study of Child Care System and its Burden for Expense at Co-Working Families" (1987-1989), which was sponsored by the Social Science Research Grant, the Ministry of Education. The previous research clarifies that difficulties of caring children while working, are intensively seen at "Female-Headed Families" where women are main contributors of living. Consecutively, at this study, the research was initiated to focus clarification on difficulties with "Female-Headed Families" and necessary social welfare services which induce independence of those.-Progress-The study was conducted from feminist research view. At the research in the States, during the summers of 1993 and 1994, interviews were conducted at Detroit, Michigan and its surrounding areas. In 1993, fifteen (15) interviews of independent "Female-Headed Families" and in 1994, thirty-six (36) with some public aids were conducted. At the r … More esearch in Japan, considering comparison with the same in the States, interviews were conducted at Nagoya and its surrounding areas in terms of the location where social welfare problems evidently exist in general metropolitan areas. There, between 1994 and 1995, forty-two (42) "Female-Headed Families" who are recipients of public and/or private social welfare services, were interviewed.-Summary-Per the results of US-Japan comparable study, it becomes clear that the existing social welfare policy isn't efficiently working to stimulate the independence of "Famale-Headed Families". Both in the States and Japan, the evidence that two consecutive generations from parent and their children become recipients of AFDC and/or some social services are seen, is a proof that the existing social welfare isn't efficient enough to terminate the cycle of "Feminization of Poverty". One reason exists at the inefficient public support system for "Female-Headed Families" to care children while working. The vocational and/or educational programs with the prospective of independence for "Female-Headed Families" haven't been efficiently established. In the area of public child care system, Japan steps ahead, the vocational and/or educational support, the States does respectively. In other words, adopting both social support systems is imminent. To stimulate the independence of "Female-Headed Families" and consecutively hinder "Feminization of Poverty", the social welfare which stands on feminist perspective viewing the gender system as an existing structural sexual discrimination, must be reviewed. Less