Medieval Metal Work Artists and Their Specialties(centering around forged works)

中世纪金属制品艺术家及其专长（以锻造制品为主）

• 批准号: 62510034
• 负责人: HARADA Kazutoshi
• 金额: $ 0.58万
• 依托单位: Tokyo National Museum
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62510034/
• 关键词: forging; metal engraving; metal work artist names; dozaiku; 飾師

Unlike cast metal works,there are few forged and engraved metal pieces known to have been made by specific smiths.While casters always called themselves casters,forgers and engravers used various names to call their professions,such as"dozaiku"(copper smith),"ginzaiku"(silver smith), "kazarishi"(decoration mater,)"choko"(engraver),"sharitoshi"(sarira casket maker),"doko"(copper smith)and"saiku"(craftsman).In"Shin Sarugaku-ki"written by Fujiwara no Aknihira is a mention of"black smith, founder and silver and gold smiths",suggesting there were metal work artists other than iron forgers and founders."Dozaiku"and"ginzaiku" apparently belong in this group.The works by the users of the name "dozaiku"include a silver sutra case of Sefuku-ji,Osaka with the earliest date of 1139,sarira casket of Saidai-ji,Nara dated 1270 and mikoshi (portable shrine)of Futarasan Jinja,Tochigi dated 1389,indicating the name was used from the Heian to Muromachi Periods.Kazarishi is generally considered to have been emerged in the Edo Period and specialized in minute works such as chain and hair pin.However,the discovery of the word "kazariya"in the inscription on the Saidai-ji sarira casket dated 1414 revealed the origin of the name can be traced back to the Muromachi Period. It is notable that while metal fittings on mikoshi were made by kazarishi in the Edo Period,the maker of those on the example at Futarasan Jinja seems to have called himself dozaiku,implaying kazarishi derived from dozaiku.Further,there are a group called"kazaribusshi"who are considered to have been specialized in the ornaments for wood statues of Buddhist deities with techniques commpon to kazarishi.It is presumed that kazaribusshi used the name kazarishi when they started to work at other places than temples.

与铸造金属作品不同，很少有锻造和雕刻的金属作品是由特定的铁匠制作的。虽然铸造者总是称自己为铸造者，但锻造师和雕刻师使用各种名称来称呼他们的职业，例如“dozaiku”。（铜匠），“ginzaiku”（银史密斯），“卡扎里什”（decoration mater，）“choko”（雕刻家），“sharitoshi”（舍利子棺材制造商），“doko”（铜匠）和“saiku”（工匠）。在藤原昭平写的《新猿学记》中提到“铁匠、创始人和银、金匠”，这表明除了铁器锻造者和铸造者之外，还有金属工艺艺术家。“道斋“和“银斋”显然属于这一类。“道斋“使用者的作品包括最早的1139年大坂世福寺的银经盒、1270年奈良西代寺的舍利匣和三越（便携式神社）的Futarasan Jinja，Tochigi日期为1389年，这表明这个名字是从平安时代到室町时代使用的。风利通常被认为是在江户时代出现的，专门从事链条和头发等微小作品然而，在1414年的西代寺舍利子棺材上发现的铭文中的“kazariya“一词揭示了这个名字的起源可以追溯到室町时代。值得注意的是，虽然mikoshi上的金属配件是由江户时代的kazarishi制作的，但在Futarasan Jinja的例子中，那些制造者似乎称自己为dozaiku，暗示kazarishi来自dozaiku。有一个叫“kazaribusshi”的组织他们被认为是专门从事佛教神的木制雕像的装饰，其技术与kazarishi相似。据推测，kazaribushi使用了这个名字当他们开始在寺庙以外的地方工作时，

项目成果

原田一敏: MUSEUM. 346. (1988)

原田一俊：博物馆 346。（1988）

Harada,Kazutoshi: "Kazari Gijutsu to Kazarishi" MUSEUM. 346. (1988)

原田一俊：“风刀术到风刀”博物馆。