A Study of Sexism and Feminism in the Labor History in the 19th Century Britain: -History of Ideas on 'the Right to Work' and 'the Equality of Work -

在策划这个研究项目时，我希望从女权主义的角度重新思考英国劳工史。但我意识到完成这个研究项目需要更多的时间和任务。目前我得出的结论如下：（1）不仅在英国，而且在其他先进社会，劳工史仍然经常被用性别盲目（性别歧视）的类别来分析，例如“工会主义”，“家庭工资”和“劳工贵族”等，这些类别尤其在英国劳工史上一直被视为积极的传统。但现在我必须得出的结论是，由于它们的性别歧视观点，这些类别应该被逆转为负面类别。（2）在20世纪70年代末和1980年代，出现了大量关于私人和公共领域、工作和家庭中的性别划分的研究，我首先列出了这些研究的参考书目。其中许多实际上是对男女在这两个领域的不平等现象的实证研究。我发现发展性别理论的任务才刚刚开始。我们有必要对性别分工问题进行理论化，构建理论框架。（3）我得到了另一个推论，即性别分工问题与种族分工（对少数群体的歧视）密切相关。由于性别歧视和种族主义具有相同的根源，因此在一个统一的理论框架内理解性别和种族划分非常重要。 “劳务移民”是在同一新范式中分析性别和种族划分的最有用的关键词之一。家庭作为性别歧视的根源，欠发达地区（农业社会）作为种族主义的根源，是发达资本主义社会的必要条件，两者都被帝国主义的红线绑在一起。然而，家庭和农业社区作为外围和人力资源的软弱性正在减弱，这也是一个历史事实。我们必须清楚地捕捉十九世纪英国劳工史上资本主义积累的这些动态。较少的

At the planning of this research project, I expected to rethink the British labor history in the light of feminism. But I realize that it needs much more time and task to accomplish this research project.The points I have got in conclusion at this moment are the following ;(1) The labor history, not only in Britain but also in other advanced societies, is still often analyzed in terms of sex-blind( sexist ) categories, such as 'trade unionism', 'family-wage' and 'labor aristocracy' etc., which have been regarded as positive traditions especially in the British labor history. But now I must conclude that those categories should be reversed as negative ones, on account of their sexist view points.(2) In the late 1970s and 1980s these have been produced a great deal of studies on gender division in both private and public sphere, work and family in other words, on which I have made out the bibliography to begin with. Many of these were actually a sort of empirical studies of inequalities … More among women and men in both spheres. I found that the task of developing a theory of gender has scarcely begun. It is needful for us to theorize questions relating to gender division and to construct theoretical frameworks.(3) I have got another corollary conclusion, that is, the question of gender division is closely connected with race division( discrimination against minority groups ). As sexism and racism have the same roots, It is very important to understand both gender and race division within one unified theoretical framework. 'The labor migration' is one of the most useful key-words to analyze gender and race division in the same new paradigm. Family as a source of sexism and the underdeveloped areas ( the agrarian communities ) as a source of racism are necessary conditions for the advanced capitalist societies, and both are tied up with a red thread of imperialism. However it is also a historical fact that both family and the agrarian communities as a peripheral and human resources are diminishing its impotence. We have to catch clearly these dynamics in the capitalist accumulation in the 19th British labor history. Less