A Study of Sexism and Feminism in the Labor History in the 19th Century Britain: -History of Ideas on 'the Right to Work' and 'the Equality of Work -

在筹划这一研究项目时，我期望从女性主义的角度重新思考英国的劳工史。但我意识到完成这项研究项目需要更多的时间和任务，我在这里得到的结论是：（1）不仅在英国，而且在其他发达社会，劳动史仍然经常被用性别歧视的范畴来分析，如“工会主义”、“家庭工资”和“劳工贵族”等，这在英国劳工史上一直被视为积极的传统。但现在我必须得出结论，这些类别应该作为负面类别颠倒过来，因为它们具有性别歧视的观点。(2)在20世纪70年代末和80年代，这些研究产生了大量关于私人和公共领域，换句话说，工作和家庭中的性别分工的研究，我已经列出了开始的参考书目。其中许多实际上是对不平等的实证研究 关于我们 在这两个领域的妇女和男子之间。我发现，发展性别理论的任务才刚刚开始。因此，我们有必要对性别分工问题进行理论化，构建理论框架。(3)我得到另一个推论，就是性别分化的问题与种族分化（歧视少数民族）有密切关系。由于性别歧视与种族主义有着相同的根源，因此在一个统一的理论框架内理解性别和种族划分是非常重要的。“劳动力迁移”是在同一新范式下分析性别和种族分化的最有用的关键词之一。作为性别歧视根源的家庭和作为种族主义根源的不发达地区（农村社区）是先进资本主义社会的必要条件，两者都与帝国主义的红线联系在一起。然而，一个历史事实是，家庭和农业社区作为一种外围资源和人力资源，正在削弱其无力性。我们必须清楚地抓住19世纪英国劳动史上资本主义积累的这些动力。少

At the planning of this research project, I expected to rethink the British labor history in the light of feminism. But I realize that it needs much more time and task to accomplish this research project.The points I have got in conclusion at this moment are the following ;(1) The labor history, not only in Britain but also in other advanced societies, is still often analyzed in terms of sex-blind( sexist ) categories, such as 'trade unionism', 'family-wage' and 'labor aristocracy' etc., which have been regarded as positive traditions especially in the British labor history. But now I must conclude that those categories should be reversed as negative ones, on account of their sexist view points.(2) In the late 1970s and 1980s these have been produced a great deal of studies on gender division in both private and public sphere, work and family in other words, on which I have made out the bibliography to begin with. Many of these were actually a sort of empirical studies of inequalities … More among women and men in both spheres. I found that the task of developing a theory of gender has scarcely begun. It is needful for us to theorize questions relating to gender division and to construct theoretical frameworks.(3) I have got another corollary conclusion, that is, the question of gender division is closely connected with race division( discrimination against minority groups ). As sexism and racism have the same roots, It is very important to understand both gender and race division within one unified theoretical framework. 'The labor migration' is one of the most useful key-words to analyze gender and race division in the same new paradigm. Family as a source of sexism and the underdeveloped areas ( the agrarian communities ) as a source of racism are necessary conditions for the advanced capitalist societies, and both are tied up with a red thread of imperialism. However it is also a historical fact that both family and the agrarian communities as a peripheral and human resources are diminishing its impotence. We have to catch clearly these dynamics in the capitalist accumulation in the 19th British labor history. Less