A Study of Sexism and Feminism in the Labor History in the 19th Century Britain: -History of Ideas on 'the Right to Work' and 'the Equality of Work -

在这个研究项目的规划中，我希望从女权主义的角度重新思考英国的劳工史。但是我意识到完成这个研究项目需要更多的时间和任务。现在我总结的几点是：(1)劳动史，不仅在英国，而且在其他发达社会，仍然经常以性别盲目（性别歧视）的类别来分析，如“工会主义”，“家庭工资”和“工人贵族”等，这些被认为是积极的传统，特别是在英国的劳动史上。但现在我必须得出结论，鉴于他们的性别歧视观点，这些类别应该被逆转为负面类别。(2)在20世纪70年代末和80年代，产生了大量关于私人和公共领域，即工作和家庭中的性别划分的研究，我已经编制了参考书目作为开始。其中很多实际上是一种对不平等的实证研究……在这两个领域中，女性和男性的研究更多。我发现，发展性别理论的任务才刚刚开始。我们有必要将有关性别划分的问题理论化，并构建理论框架。我得到了另一个必然的结论，那就是性别划分问题与种族划分（对少数民族的歧视）密切相关。由于性别歧视和种族主义有着相同的根源，在一个统一的理论框架下理解性别和种族划分是非常重要的。“劳动力迁移”是在同一新范式下分析性别和种族划分最有用的关键词之一。家庭作为性别歧视的根源，不发达地区（农业社区）作为种族主义的根源，是发达资本主义社会的必要条件，两者都与帝国主义的红线捆绑在一起。然而，作为外围资源和人力资源的家庭和农业社区正在削弱其无能为力，这也是一个历史事实。我们必须清楚地抓住19世纪英国劳工史上资本积累的这些动态。少

At the planning of this research project, I expected to rethink the British labor history in the light of feminism. But I realize that it needs much more time and task to accomplish this research project.The points I have got in conclusion at this moment are the following ;(1) The labor history, not only in Britain but also in other advanced societies, is still often analyzed in terms of sex-blind( sexist ) categories, such as 'trade unionism', 'family-wage' and 'labor aristocracy' etc., which have been regarded as positive traditions especially in the British labor history. But now I must conclude that those categories should be reversed as negative ones, on account of their sexist view points.(2) In the late 1970s and 1980s these have been produced a great deal of studies on gender division in both private and public sphere, work and family in other words, on which I have made out the bibliography to begin with. Many of these were actually a sort of empirical studies of inequalities … More among women and men in both spheres. I found that the task of developing a theory of gender has scarcely begun. It is needful for us to theorize questions relating to gender division and to construct theoretical frameworks.(3) I have got another corollary conclusion, that is, the question of gender division is closely connected with race division( discrimination against minority groups ). As sexism and racism have the same roots, It is very important to understand both gender and race division within one unified theoretical framework. 'The labor migration' is one of the most useful key-words to analyze gender and race division in the same new paradigm. Family as a source of sexism and the underdeveloped areas ( the agrarian communities ) as a source of racism are necessary conditions for the advanced capitalist societies, and both are tied up with a red thread of imperialism. However it is also a historical fact that both family and the agrarian communities as a peripheral and human resources are diminishing its impotence. We have to catch clearly these dynamics in the capitalist accumulation in the 19th British labor history. Less