Mechanism of sperm differentiation in amphibians.

为了知道是什么决定了成熟精子的鞭毛长度。比较了非洲爪哇和纽特精子细胞鞭毛生长的动力学。结果表明，文昌鱼的生长速度和生长期是非洲爪哇的2~3倍。微管蛋白池的数量在两种动物中都不随时间变化。在非洲爪哇，随着鞭毛的停止生长，微管蛋白的合成在第6天停止。相衬显微镜观察非洲爪哇精子细胞顶体的形成和蛋白质合成抑制剂的应用表明，小泡的增大是由于小囊泡的合并，高尔基体附着体的小顶体小泡的形成不需要蛋白质的合成，但囊泡的扩大需要蛋白质的合成。研究还发现，对来自次级精母细胞的精子细胞进行低渗处理会导致精子细胞的细胞融合，从而导致顶体的形成。测试了几种抑制剂，但都没有效果。这些结果表明，蛋白质。核糖核酸和碳水化合物的合成。细胞骨架。夏令营。ATP生产。精子细胞中的钙离子和线粒体中的蛋白质合成在精子细胞核周围的线粒体组装中没有作用。在一个无细胞的系统中。非洲爪哇肝脏的线粒体附着在精子细胞核上。而对肝细胞核和初级精母细胞则无明显影响。这些结果表明，在非洲爪哇精子细胞中，核的变化与线粒体在核周围组装能力的获得有关。

In order to know what determines the flagellar length in mature sperm. The Kinetics of flagellar growth was compared between xenopus and newt spermatids. The results showed that the growth rate and growing period were higher and longer by 2-3 times in the newt than in xenopus. The amount of tubulin pool did not change with time in either species. In Xenopus, tubulin synthesis stopped on the 6th day when the flagellar growth ceased. Whereas in the newt, synthesis continued even on the 12th day.Phase contrast microscopic observation about acrosomal formation in Xenopus spermatids and application of protein synthesis inhibitors indicate that the enlargement of the vesicles is due to the coalescence of the small vesicles and the formation of small proacrosomal vesicles from Golgi appratus do not require protein synthesis but the enlargement of the vesicles do so. It was also found that hypotonic treatment of the spermatids derived from a secondary spermatocyte induces the cell fusion of the spermatids, which results in the formation of synacrosomes.To elucidate the mechanism of mitochondrial assembly around the nuclei of spermatids. Several inhibitors were tested but had no effect. These results indicate that protein. RNA and carbohydrate synthesis. cytoskeletons. cAMP. ATP production. Ca^<2+> in spermatids and protein synthesis in mitochondria play no role in mitochondrial assembly around the spermatid nuclei. In a cell-free system. mitochondria from Xenopus liver attached to the spermatid nuclei. Whereas they did not to the nuclei of liver or primary spermatocytes. These results indicate that the nuclear change is responsible for the acquisition of the ability of mitochondrial assembly around the nuclei in Xenopus spermatids.