Mechanism of sperm differentiation in amphibians.

为了了解是什么决定了成熟精子的鞭毛长度。比较了爪蟾和蝾螈精子鞭毛生长动力学。结果表明，蝾螈的生长速度和生长期比爪蟾高2-3倍。微管蛋白池的数量不随时间变化。爪蟾在鞭毛生长停止的第6天就停止了微管蛋白的合成。而在蝾螈中，合成甚至在第12天还在继续。对非洲爪蟾精细胞顶体形成过程的相对比显微镜观察和蛋白质合成抑制剂的应用表明，高尔基体前顶体小泡的形成是由于小泡的聚并引起的，高尔基体前顶体小泡的形成不需要蛋白质合成，而小泡的扩大则需要蛋白质合成。研究还发现，对来自次级精母细胞的精母细胞进行低渗处理可诱导精母细胞融合，从而形成联体。目的：探讨精子细胞核周围线粒体组装的机制。试验了几种抑制剂，但没有效果。这些结果表明，蛋白质。RNA和碳水化合物的合成。骨骼。营地。ATP生产。精子细胞中的Ca^<2+>和线粒体中的蛋白质合成对精子细胞核周围的线粒体组装没有作用。在无细胞系统中。爪蟾肝脏中的线粒体附着在精细胞核上。而对肝核或原代精母细胞则没有影响。这些结果表明，核的变化是爪蟾精子获得核周围线粒体组装能力的原因。

In order to know what determines the flagellar length in mature sperm. The Kinetics of flagellar growth was compared between xenopus and newt spermatids. The results showed that the growth rate and growing period were higher and longer by 2-3 times in the newt than in xenopus. The amount of tubulin pool did not change with time in either species. In Xenopus, tubulin synthesis stopped on the 6th day when the flagellar growth ceased. Whereas in the newt, synthesis continued even on the 12th day.Phase contrast microscopic observation about acrosomal formation in Xenopus spermatids and application of protein synthesis inhibitors indicate that the enlargement of the vesicles is due to the coalescence of the small vesicles and the formation of small proacrosomal vesicles from Golgi appratus do not require protein synthesis but the enlargement of the vesicles do so. It was also found that hypotonic treatment of the spermatids derived from a secondary spermatocyte induces the cell fusion of the spermatids, which results in the formation of synacrosomes.To elucidate the mechanism of mitochondrial assembly around the nuclei of spermatids. Several inhibitors were tested but had no effect. These results indicate that protein. RNA and carbohydrate synthesis. cytoskeletons. cAMP. ATP production. Ca^<2+> in spermatids and protein synthesis in mitochondria play no role in mitochondrial assembly around the spermatid nuclei. In a cell-free system. mitochondria from Xenopus liver attached to the spermatid nuclei. Whereas they did not to the nuclei of liver or primary spermatocytes. These results indicate that the nuclear change is responsible for the acquisition of the ability of mitochondrial assembly around the nuclei in Xenopus spermatids.