A Study of Historical Geography on the Prevalence of Rinderpest during the Meiji Era

明治时代牛瘟流行的历史地理学研究

• 批准号: 62580189
• 负责人: NAKASATO Tsuguo
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: Fukuoka University of Education
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62580189/
• 关键词: Rinderpest; the imported Korean cattle; Maritime Quarantine; a Two-Step Quarantine Process; the Inland Front Cordon; 全国市場; 家畜市場法(明治44年); 朝鮮牛; 牛馬の全国市場; 朝鮮半島; 山口県下関市; 獣疫予防法; 牛疫検疫所; 二重繋留検疫; 朝鮮牛輸入業者; 家畜市場法; 屠牛; 屠場法

During the Meiji Era, the prevalence of rinderpest which basically entered from the Korea Peninsula. was common in western Japan and conseqently a total of 80,000 cattle died or were killed throughout Japan.The spread of rinderpest germs depended on the existing channel for marketing working cattle and, in addition, on the newly developed channels for marketing dairy cows and beef cattle in the urban areas.There were two ways of preventing rinderpest. One was to quarantine the imported Korean cattle at the maritime ports whether they carried rinderpest or not, and the other was to prevent its spread domestically at the local level.In the long run, the Meiji goverment sucessfully completed the system of maritime quarantine by means of the annexation of Korea to Japan(1910) which allowed perfection of a two-step quarantine process and commpletion of the inland front cordon.These invasions of rinderpest frequently happened and caused huge damage to the marketing channels for cattle throughout Japan. At the end of the Meiji Era, the system of marketing livestock was newly developed because of the establishment of the animal quarantine rule (1906) and moreover the execution of the slaughter act(1906) and livestock marketing act (1911).

明治时代，牛瘟的流行基本上是从朝鲜半岛传入的。牛瘟在日本西部很常见，日本全国共有 80,000 头牛死亡或被宰杀。牛瘟病菌的传播依赖于现有的劳动牛销售渠道，此外还依赖于城市地区新开发的奶牛和肉牛销售渠道。预防牛瘟的方法有两种。一是在海港对进口的韩国牛进行检疫，无论其是否携带牛瘟，二是在当地防止其在国内传播。从长远来看，明治政府通过韩国并入日本（1910年），成功地完成了海上检疫制度，完善了两步检疫程序并完成了内陆前沿警戒线。 牛瘟入侵频发，对日本全国牛的销售渠道造成巨大破坏。明治末期，由于动物检疫条例（1906年）的制定以及屠宰法（1906年）和牲畜销售法（1911年）的实施，牲畜销售制度得到了新的发展。