地震時における地域社会の出火防止力とそれを左右する地域特性に関する研究

地震时当地社区防火能力及其影响的区域特征研究

• 批准号: 62601032
• 负责人: 水野 弘之
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Prefectural University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62601032/
• 关键词: 都市防災計画; 地震火災; 社会の防災力; 防災コミュニティ; 出火防止; 防災住民組織

本研究では, 地震時の同時多発火災に対して, 地域住民の力で出火防止を成功させるためには, どのような条件が必要であるかを実態調査にもとに検討した. 実態調査の対象としては, 地域住民の中で, 最も大きな初期消火能力を有すると考えられる消防団(東京都, 静岡県, 名古屋市, 京都市)をとりあげ, アンケート調査および資料収集を行った. 調査内容は, (1)日常火災時の活動状況, (2)地震時の活動への対処の可能性, (3)地域生活条件などである.調査の結果, 分かったことは次のとおり.ア)消防団の地震時活動への対処の可能性には, 次のような地域格差がある. (1)地震発生の切迫度が低い地域では, 地震時に対する備えが弱い. (2)日常時火災において, 消防署が消火活動を担当し, 消防団は後方支援にとどまっている地域では, 消防団が地震時に初期消火活動を行う上で, 実効性が不足する.イ)地震時の出火防止においては, 「わが町はわが力で守る」ことが要求されるが, そのためには, 空間的領域性の問題が極めて重要である. その場合の領域性の大きさとしては, 町内会単位・小学校区(消防団管轄範囲)の二段階から構成されるのが適当である. また, 領域性の確立の程度は, 職住近接度も定住性などの地域生活条件と密接に関連している. なお, 防災コミュニティ形成条件のひとつである消防団員と地域住民との結びつきも, この地域条件と関連が深い.ウ)消防団による地震対応活動を充実し, 防災コミュニティを形成するためには, 新鮮でリアリテイのある改善策が必要である. また, 高齢化社会への対応も欠かせない.

In this study, during the earthquake, there were many fires at the same time, and the residents of the region tried their best to prevent the success of the fire, and it was necessary to ensure that the conditions required. The most important initial fire extinguishing capacity of residential residents is in the city of Kyoto, Nagoya, Nagoya, and Beijing. The contents of the survey are as follows: (1) the daily fire activities, (2) the possibility of earthquake activities, and (3) the severe regional living conditions. The results show that the results are divided into two parts. During an earthquake, the possibility of a fire disaster is very low, and the regional difference of a fire disaster is very different. The main results are as follows: (1) the degree of urgency of earthquake is very low in the region, and it is weak in the time of earthquake. (2) during daily fire fighting, the Fire Department shall be responsible for fire suppression activities, and the rear of fire control stations will support fire fighting activities in local areas, and fire fighting activities will be carried out in the early stages of fire fighting earthquakes, and the fire fighting activities will be inadequate. Fire breaks out in time of earthquake to prevent the occurrence of severe weather, "local governments are in a position to defend themselves," they are required to do so, and the territorial problems in space are very important. In accordance with the field, the town will be located in the primary school district (fire control management area). The second section of the primary school district will be divided into two parts. It is necessary to ensure the degree of geographical proximity, geographical living conditions, regional living conditions, geographical proximity, geographical living conditions, geographical proximity, geographical living conditions, geographical proximity, geographical living conditions, geographical living conditions. The conditions for the formation of health insurance, fire and fire personnel, regional residents, and regional conditions are very serious. The fire protection department is responsible for the filling of the earthquake activities, the prevention of the formation of the fire accident, and the necessary improvement strategy. In a highly educated society, there is no need for a high-level society.