Nanomechanical testing system

纳米压痕可以通过微型化压痕测试来测定材料的微观特性。再加上横向试样运动，因此也可以检测材料各个相的硬度、杨氏模量、摩擦系数、疲劳行为、耐磨性等特性；而经典的测试方法如拉伸试验、硬度试验等只能提供材料宏观性能的信息。原子材料结构和由此产生的宏观材料特性之间的联系，作为单个相之间界面特性的函数，因此可以建立起来。这种耦合及其理解对于多材料系统的开发、表征、处理以及操作行为的预测具有特别重要的意义。作为Clausthal材料技术中心（CZM）的研究重点，这种多材料体系自然是由各种不同材料的相或层组成的，有时是不相容的。相反，纳米压痕是有针对性地开发具有特定性能概况的新型多材料系统的理想工具。此外，纳米压痕为多材料系统的生成和使用中的精确现象学相互作用提供了重要的新见解。金属、非金属材料和聚合物的材料组将通过传统和增材制造路线解决。由于设想的温度支持高达600°C，纳米压头技术涵盖了多材料系统的新的广泛应用领域，而且在制造过程本身的许多热过程的测量应用也是可行的。此外，在CZM追求跨学科的研究方法代表了一个独特的特点。工程和自然科学的工作小组将利用申请的大型研究设施进行部分跨学科的项目。特别是，通过与其他高灵敏度的分析和制备技术，如扫描电子显微镜、扫描透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、纳米计算机断层扫描、原子力显微镜、x射线光电子能谱、原子发射分光光度法、物理气相沉积、聚焦离子束分析等技术的结合，纳米压痕本身领域的新发现是可以预期的。这些都在CZM表面分析和功能化工作组的范围内。

Nanoindentation enables the determination of microscopic material properties via miniaturized indentation tests. Coupled with lateral specimen movements, it is thus also possible to detect properties such as hardness, Young's modulus, coefficients of friction, fatigue behavior, wear resistance, etc. for individual phases of a material; in contrast to classical test methods such as tensile testing, hardness testing, etc., which can only provide information about the macroscopic material properties. A link between atomistic material structure and resulting macroscopic material properties as a function of the interfacial properties between individual phases can thus be established. This coupling and its understanding is of particular importance for the development, characterization, processing as well as the prediction of the operational behavior of multi-material systems. As the focus of research at the Clausthal Center of Materials Technology (CZM), such multi-material systems are naturally composed of a wide variety of, sometimes incompatible, phases or layers of different materials. Conversely, nanoindentation is an ideal tool for the targeted development of new multi-material systems with specific property profiles. In addition, nanoindentation provides important new insights into the precise phenomenological interactions in the generation and use of multi-material systems. The material groups of metals, non-metallic materials and polymers will be addressed via conventional and additive manufacturing routes. Due to the envisaged temperature support up to 600°C, the nanoindenter technology covers new extensive application areas for multi-material systems, but also measurement applications with regard to many thermal processes in manufacturing processes themselves are feasible. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary research approach pursued at CZM represents a unique characteristic. Working groups from the engineering and natural sciences will work in partly interdisciplinary projects with the large-scale research facility applied for. In particular, new findings in the field of nanoindentation itself can be expected through the connection with other highly sensitive analysis and preparation techniques such as scanning-electron-microscopy, scanning-transmission-electron-microscopy, electron-backscatter-diffraction, nano-Computer-tomography, atomic-force-microscopy, X-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy, atomic-emission-spectrophotometry, physical-vapour-deposition, focused-ion-beam-analytics, etc., which are within the reach of the CZM surface analysis and functionalization working group.