Nanomechanical testing system

纳米压痕能够通过微型压痕测试来确定微观材料的性质。再加上试件的横向移动，因此还可以检测材料各个相的性能，如硬度、杨氏模量、摩擦系数、疲劳行为、耐磨性等；而传统的测试方法，如拉伸测试、硬度测试等，只能提供有关宏观材料性能的信息。因此，可以建立原子性材料结构和所产生的宏观材料属性之间的联系，作为各个相之间的界面属性的函数。这种耦合及其理解对于多材料系统的发展、表征、加工以及对操作行为的预测具有特别重要的意义。作为克劳斯塔尔材料技术中心(CZM)的研究重点，这种多材料体系自然由各种不同材料的相或层组成，有时甚至是不相容的。相反，纳米压痕是有针对性地开发具有特定性能特征的新的多材料系统的理想工具。此外，纳米压痕对多材料系统的产生和使用中精确的唯象相互作用提供了重要的新见解。金属、非金属材料和聚合物的材料组将通过传统和添加制造路线进行处理。由于设想的温度支持高达600°C，纳米压头技术不仅覆盖了多材料系统的新的广泛应用领域，而且在制造过程中的许多热过程本身的测量应用也是可行的。此外，CZM追求的跨学科研究方法是一个独特的特点。来自工程和自然科学的工作组将在申请大规模研究设施的情况下开展部分跨学科项目。特别是，通过与CZM表面分析和功能化工作组能够接触到的其他高度敏感的分析和制备技术，如扫描电子显微镜、扫描透射电子显微镜、电子背向散射衍射、纳米计算机断层扫描、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、原子发射分光光度法、物理气相沉积、聚焦离子束分析等，可以预期纳米压痕领域本身的新发现。

Nanoindentation enables the determination of microscopic material properties via miniaturized indentation tests. Coupled with lateral specimen movements, it is thus also possible to detect properties such as hardness, Young's modulus, coefficients of friction, fatigue behavior, wear resistance, etc. for individual phases of a material; in contrast to classical test methods such as tensile testing, hardness testing, etc., which can only provide information about the macroscopic material properties. A link between atomistic material structure and resulting macroscopic material properties as a function of the interfacial properties between individual phases can thus be established. This coupling and its understanding is of particular importance for the development, characterization, processing as well as the prediction of the operational behavior of multi-material systems. As the focus of research at the Clausthal Center of Materials Technology (CZM), such multi-material systems are naturally composed of a wide variety of, sometimes incompatible, phases or layers of different materials. Conversely, nanoindentation is an ideal tool for the targeted development of new multi-material systems with specific property profiles. In addition, nanoindentation provides important new insights into the precise phenomenological interactions in the generation and use of multi-material systems. The material groups of metals, non-metallic materials and polymers will be addressed via conventional and additive manufacturing routes. Due to the envisaged temperature support up to 600°C, the nanoindenter technology covers new extensive application areas for multi-material systems, but also measurement applications with regard to many thermal processes in manufacturing processes themselves are feasible. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary research approach pursued at CZM represents a unique characteristic. Working groups from the engineering and natural sciences will work in partly interdisciplinary projects with the large-scale research facility applied for. In particular, new findings in the field of nanoindentation itself can be expected through the connection with other highly sensitive analysis and preparation techniques such as scanning-electron-microscopy, scanning-transmission-electron-microscopy, electron-backscatter-diffraction, nano-Computer-tomography, atomic-force-microscopy, X-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy, atomic-emission-spectrophotometry, physical-vapour-deposition, focused-ion-beam-analytics, etc., which are within the reach of the CZM surface analysis and functionalization working group.