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Overcoming Breeding Barriers by Means of Plant Biotechnology

通过植物生物技术克服育种障碍

基本信息

批准号：
63045025
负责人：
ADACHI Taiji
金额：
$ 4.74万
依托单位：
Miyazaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63045025/
关键词：
breeding barriers biotechnology embryo rescue tissue culture asexual gene transfer

项目摘要

International collaboration between Miyazaki Univ., Faculty of Agric. And University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty has developed as these faculties became sister schools under the financial support entitled " Overcoming breeding barriers by means of plant biotechnology. Under the following categories some approaches have performed. 1) DNA transfer or genetic engineering, 2) chromosomal engineering for the introduction of alien genes, 3) Cellular handling including somatic fusion, 4) Clonal proliferation at tissue level.Protoplasts were isolated from two apomictic species of Paspalum dilatatum and Panicum maximum. Protoplast division and colony formation were found to be effective. Attempts of protoplast fusion between both species were succeeded to form hybrid callus.Preliminary work has been carried out on the tyrosine sulfation of protein in higher plants using callus. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase from the bovine liver Golgi was considered as a guide line for this study. No protein sulfation could be, however, observed in higher plants under the experimental conditions.The chromosome association of amphidiploids of Iris laevigata x I. ensata were analysed and compared with that of the parental species and F_1 hybrids. These interspecific cross-breeding strategy was discussed.To evaluate the yielding ability of buckwheat varieties, selections and crosses a new experimental approach was designed based on a comparison of the expected and actual yields of a certain plot.Haploid plant have been induced by in vitro culture techniques in many species. This methods were applied to buckwheat genetics and breeding studies.Isolation, identification and determination of glucosamine were performed in callus of potato. Accumulation of glucosamine was observed in aged-callus, and was particularly evident in the SDS-insoluble and soluble fractions. It is speculated that in aged-callus, structural components of the cell may be cemented by glucosamine.

宫崎大学农学院之间的国际合作。卢布尔雅那大学生物技术学院在题为“通过植物生物技术克服育种障碍”的财政支持下成为姐妹学校，并发展了生物技术学院。在以下类别下，一些方法已经实施。1）DNA转移或基因工程，2）用于引入外来基因的染色体工程，3）细胞处理，包括体细胞融合，4）组织克隆增殖从雀稗和大黍的两个无融合生殖物种中分离出原生质体。发现原生质体分裂和集落形成是有效的。两个物种之间原生质体融合形成杂种愈伤组织的尝试获得成功。利用愈伤组织对高等植物中蛋白质的酪氨酸硫酸化进行了初步工作。牛酪氨酰蛋白磺基转移酶肝脏高尔基体被认为是本研究的指导方针。然而，在实验条件下，高等植物中未观察到蛋白质硫酸化。对Iris laevigata x I. ensata双二倍体的染色体关联进行了分析，并与亲本和F_1杂种的染色体关联进行了比较。对这些种间杂交育种策略进行了讨论。为了评价荞麦品种的产量能力，基于对某个地块的预期产量和实际产量的比较，设计了一种新的实验方法。单倍体植物已在许多物种中通过体外培养技术诱导。将该方法应用于荞麦遗传育种研究。对马铃薯愈伤组织中葡萄糖胺进行了分离、鉴定和测定。在老化愈伤组织中观察到葡萄糖胺的积累，并且在愈伤组织中尤为明显。 SDS-不溶性和可溶性部分。据推测，在老化愈伤组织中，细胞的结构成分可能被葡萄糖胺粘合。