Overcoming Breeding Barriers by Means of Plant Biotechnology

宫崎大学、农业学院和卢布尔雅那大学生物技术学院在题为“通过植物生物技术克服育种障碍”的财政支持下发展成为姐妹学校。在以下类别中，一些方法已经执行。1)DNA转移或基因工程，2）染色体工程导入外源基因，3）细胞处理包括体细胞融合，4）组织水平的克隆增殖。原生质体分裂和菌落形成是有效的。两种植物的原生质体融合成功地形成了杂种愈伤组织，并利用愈伤组织对高等植物蛋白质的酪氨酸硫酸化进行了初步研究。牛肝高尔基体的酪蛋白磺基转移酶被认为是这项研究的指导方针。在本实验条件下，在高等植物中未观察到蛋白质硫酸化现象。ensata与亲本及杂种F_1的性状进行了分析比较。本文讨论了荞麦种间杂交育种的策略，并设计了一种新的试验方法，通过比较试验区的预期产量和实际产量来评价荞麦品种、选择和杂交的产量。将此方法应用于荞麦遗传育种研究，并对马铃薯愈伤组织中氨基葡萄糖进行了分离、鉴定和测定。在老化愈伤组织中观察到葡糖胺的积累，并且在SDS不溶性和可溶性级分中特别明显。据推测，在老化的愈伤组织中，细胞的结构成分可能被葡萄糖胺粘合。

International collaboration between Miyazaki Univ., Faculty of Agric. And University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty has developed as these faculties became sister schools under the financial support entitled " Overcoming breeding barriers by means of plant biotechnology. Under the following categories some approaches have performed. 1) DNA transfer or genetic engineering, 2) chromosomal engineering for the introduction of alien genes, 3) Cellular handling including somatic fusion, 4) Clonal proliferation at tissue level.Protoplasts were isolated from two apomictic species of Paspalum dilatatum and Panicum maximum. Protoplast division and colony formation were found to be effective. Attempts of protoplast fusion between both species were succeeded to form hybrid callus.Preliminary work has been carried out on the tyrosine sulfation of protein in higher plants using callus. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase from the bovine liver Golgi was considered as a guide line for this study. No protein sulfation could be, however, observed in higher plants under the experimental conditions.The chromosome association of amphidiploids of Iris laevigata x I. ensata were analysed and compared with that of the parental species and F_1 hybrids. These interspecific cross-breeding strategy was discussed.To evaluate the yielding ability of buckwheat varieties, selections and crosses a new experimental approach was designed based on a comparison of the expected and actual yields of a certain plot.Haploid plant have been induced by in vitro culture techniques in many species. This methods were applied to buckwheat genetics and breeding studies.Isolation, identification and determination of glucosamine were performed in callus of potato. Accumulation of glucosamine was observed in aged-callus, and was particularly evident in the SDS-insoluble and soluble fractions. It is speculated that in aged-callus, structural components of the cell may be cemented by glucosamine.