Molecular Physiology of Axoplasmic Transport

轴浆转运的分子生理学研究主要集中在细胞骨架、生理生化和临床医学三个领域。在顺向运动的细胞器上发现了驱动蛋白，在顺向和逆向运动的细胞器上发现了动力蛋白。微管可分为解聚型、动态型和稳定型。这三种类型根据生理和病理条件而相互变化。这些实验均采用35 S-蛋氨酸标记。用视频增强显微镜观察线粒体轴浆运输。逆行通过轴突的线粒体数是顺行的2倍。逆行线粒体的体积约为顺行线粒体的一半。这些数据表明，线粒体在轴突的末端部分一分为二。通过细胞融合法将荧光染料包裹的乳胶珠导入细胞体内。这种乳胶珠在轴突中的运动就像细胞器的运动一样。还检查了神经递质或轴浆运输的作用。乙酰胆碱可逆性地阻断了上级颈神经节的轴浆运输。毒蕈碱受体参与了这一作用。本文还对青光眼轴索营养不良进行了病理学研究，发现蛋白消化酶的异常是引起这种营养不良的主要原因。并对移植后轴浆运输的恢复过程进行了研究。青光眼也被研究，其发病机制与轴浆转运障碍有关。

The molecular physiological study of axoplasmic transport has been done in the three fields, cell cytoskeletal, physicobiochemical, and clinical medicine. Kinesin was found on the membrane organella moving anterogradely and dynein was found on the membrane organella moving both anterogradely and retrogradely. Microtubule was divided into three types, depolymerized, dynamic and stable types. These three types changes each other depending on physiological and pathological condition. These experiments were done 35 S-methionin labeling. The axoplasmic transport of mitochondria was studied by the video-enhanced microscope. The number of mitochondria passing though axon was twice in retrograde direction than in anterograde direction. The size of mitochondria moving retrogradely was about half compared with that of mitochondria moving anterogradely. These data implies that mitochondria divided into two in the terminal portion of axon. The latex beads coated with fluorescent dye was introduced into the cell body by the cell fusion method. This latex beads moving in the axon as the same movements of cell organella. The effect of neurotransmitter or the axoplasmic transport was also examined. Acetylcholin stopped the axoplasmic transport reversibly in the superior cervical ganglion. Muscarine receptor related in this effect. Glaucoma axonal dystrophy was also studied pathologically and was found that the anomaly of protein digestive enzyme was the main reason of this dystrophy. The recovery process of axoplasmic transport was also studied after transplantation. Glaucoma was also studied and its pathogenesis was related with the disorder of the axoplasmic transport.