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Microstructure and formation of protective coverings in some plant-parasitic microarthropods

一些植物寄生微型节肢动物的微观结构和保护层的形成

基本信息

批准号：
63440009
负责人：
TAKAGI Sadao
金额：
$ 11.26万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63440009/
关键词：
Scale insects Tests SEM observation SEM cryo-system Spider mite Life type Cannibalism Ambulacrum ワックス分泌器官カイガラムシ生殖門周囲孔 SEM 爪間体微細構造

项目摘要

1. Scale insects. The male and female tests of some species of the family Diaspididae were observed in a scanning electron microscope, and their microstructures were compared with reference to corresponding secretory organs. Highly magnified tests are mainly composed of wax filaments, but not uniform in structure among the species observed. An evolutionary trend of the test from a fluffy mass of filaments to a thin, tight and broad covering is recognized, and in parallel in different groups of the family. Advanced types of tests are made by oscillatory or nearly rotatory movements of the insects, but in the Diaspidini the male test shows no trace of such movements. It seems that in the Aspidiotinae the movement takes place at an early stage of the evolutionary course. Another factor in forming thin and thick tests is a glutinous substance discharged from the anus. This substance is resistant against some lipid solvents. Thus, the tests of advanced diaspidids are effective protecting coverings both in structure and in substance.2. Spider mites. A new method of preparing specimens of Tetranychidae for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was developed. By the use of this method material can be prepared without shrinking. Material was collected mainly from broad-leaved evergreen trees and perennial grasses during May to June, 1989, in Kyusyu and Okinawa, and many spider mites including more than 10 species of 5 genera were found in the collection. Their life types were determined. They were prepared for SEM and their microstructures were observed. On the basis of SEM observations, two species which have been confused under the name Schizotetranychus celarius (Banks) are newly recognized and described. It has also been found that males of a spider mite species belonging to the "woven nest" life type are very antagonistic in behavior within their nests. Cryo-system SEM observations have demonstrated that this is due to cannibalism among them.

1.介壳虫。用扫描电镜观察了盾蚧科部分种的雌雄生殖器，并与相应的分泌器官进行了比较。高度放大的测试主要由蜡丝组成，但在所观察的物种之间的结构并不均匀。一个进化趋势的测试从一个蓬松的质量的细丝薄，紧，宽的覆盖是公认的，并在平行的家庭的不同群体。高级类型的测试是通过昆虫的振荡或近似旋转的运动来进行的，但在Diaspidini中，雄性测试没有显示出这种运动的痕迹。看来，在蜘蛛亚科，这种运动发生在进化过程的早期阶段。另一个形成薄和厚测试的因素是从肛门排出的粘性物质。该物质对某些脂质溶剂具有耐受性。因此，先进的盾蚧的测试是有效的保护覆盖物在结构和物质.蜘蛛螨。本文介绍了一种制作叶螨扫描电镜标本的新方法。通过使用这种方法，材料可以在不收缩的情况下制备。1989年5 ~ 6月，在九州和冲绳的万年青树和多年生草本植物上采集到叶螨，计5属10余种。他们的生活方式是确定的。制备了试样，进行了扫描电镜（SEM）观察和显微组织观察。根据扫描电镜观察，新发现并描述了两个曾被混淆为裂爪螨Schizotetranychus celarius（Banks）的种。还发现，属于“编织巢”生活类型的叶螨物种的雄性在其巢内的行为中是非常对抗的。冷冻系统的扫描电镜观察表明，这是由于它们之间的同类相食。