Sino-Japanese cooperative studies on the genetics differentiation in the plants and animal in China

野生小鼠研究项目：从遗传学和地理学的角度，家鼠可分为四个亚种群，分别是仓鼠、双峰鼠、栗鼠和小家鼠。然而，在中国，这些亚种群的地理分布从未从遗传学的角度进行过研究。1989 ~ 1991年，我们对中国野生小鼠的遗传变异进行了调查。线粒体DNA和核糖体DNA的RFLP分析结果表明，小家鼠种群主要分布在长江以北，而栗鼠种群主要分布在长江以南。此外，在中国东北地区和俄罗斯滨海边疆区也发现了栗型mtDNA和rDNA。这种分布与日本野鼠的分布类似。在我国西北地区广泛观察到一种新的血红蛋白β链基因变异等位基因。我们将其命名为“wl”，并分离出这个新的等位基因作为DNA，对其进行测序。野生稻研究项目：长期以来人们认识到，为了了解栽培稻的起源，有必要对中国的野生稻进行检查。直到最近，关于中国野生稻的信息还相当有限。本研究旨在调查分布于广西东县（28。l N），江西，中国.东乡野生稻的核糖体DNA间隔区长度变异表明，东乡野生稻中经常携带粳稻特有的变异，而在热带地区的野生稻中很少发现。这些植物是多年生植物，它们被证明是野生的，而不是杂交衍生物。这表明中国野生稻在粳稻型的驯化过程中具有重要作用。对细胞质和SINE（短散布元件）的变异的广泛调查正在进行中。

Wild mouse research project :From genetical and geographical viewpoints, species Mus musculus, house mouse, can be classified four subspecies groups, domesticus, bactrianus, castaneus and musculus. In China, however, the geographical distribution of these subspceles groups has never been investigated from the genetical viewpoint. During three years from 1989 to 1991, we have surveyed the genetic variations in the Chinese wild mice. RFLPs in the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomal DNA of those mice clearly demonstrated that the musculus subsopecies group inhabits in the north of Chong Jlang River and the castaneus one in the south of the river. Furthermore, castaneus type mtDNA and rDNA were observed in the northeastern region of China and Primorye region of Russia. This kind of distribution is something similar to that of the Japanese wild mice. In the northwestern region of China, a new variant allele of hemoglobin-beta chain gene was widely observed. We designated it "wl" and isolated this new allele as a DNA to sequence it.Wild rice research project :It has been long recognized that wild rice in China is necessary to be examined for understanding of the origin of cultivated rice. Until recently, information on wild rice in China was quite limited. This study was intended to survey genetic variation in the northernmost population of the wild ancestral species which occurs at Dongxian (28. lﾟN), Jiangxi, China. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length variations revealed that Dongxiang wild rice frequently carries Japonica specific variants which were seldom found in wild rice of tropical regions. The plants are of perennial type and they wee proved to be wild and not hybrid derivatives. This suggests that wild rice in China had a significant role in the domestication of Japonica type. Extensive surveys of variations in cytoplasm and SINE (short interspersed element) are under way.