Establishment of laboratory strains originated from Asian wild mice and molecular genetic analysis of the polymorphism

从包括中国大陆、长江以北、韩国和日本在内的东亚到东欧，一种家鼠亚种musculus musus和其他一些基因相近的家鼠栖息于此。我们称它们为肌肉亚种。在中国南方、长江以南和东南亚如菲律宾、台湾和印度尼西亚，有castaneus亚种组的老鼠栖息。在西欧，家养亚种群占主导地位。根据线粒体dna、核糖体dna、生化基因、染色体c带、免疫基因等的遗传变异，估计这三个亚种群体之间的遗传差异大约有100万年。然而，目前所分析的基因座数量还不足以对这些亚种群体之间的遗传差异作出高度可信的估计。本研究试图通过使用更大的基因座数量来获得更可靠的估计。采用60种MIT PCR引物对微卫星dna的长度多态性进行了检测。本研究使用三岛国立遗传研究所建立的8种野生小鼠近交系，涵盖3个主要亚种群。对来自马来西亚的MAL菌株、来自泰国的CAST菌株和来自台湾的HMI菌株、来自日本的MSM菌株、来自韩国的SWN菌株和KJR菌株、来自保加利亚的BLG2菌株和来自丹麦的NJL菌株、来自法国的BFM菌株进行分析。用NJ法从微卫星dna的长度多态性构建的树状图与前文所述的树状图一致。本次分析与以往分析的唯一差异是BLG2被估计为驯化类群，而非肌肉类群，由于本次分析比较的lici数量较多，因此BLG2应被纳入驯化亚种类群，但也不能排除肌肉类群在一定程度上的遗传漏失。基于相对较多的多态微卫星dna估计两个种群之间的遗传距离似乎相当可靠。少

From east Asia including mainland China, north of Yangtze River, Korea and Japan, to eastern Europe, a house mouse subspecies, MUS musculus musculus, and some other genetically close ones inhabit. We designated them musculus subspecies group. In southern China, south of Yangtze River, and southeast Asia such as the Philippines, Taiwan and Indonesia, castaneus subspecies group of mice inhabit. In western Europe, domesticus subspecies group is predominant. Genetic divergence among those three subspecies groups has been estimated roughly one million years based on genetic variations in mitochondrial DNAs, ribosomal DNAs, biochemical genes, chromosome C-bands, immunological genes etc. The number of genetic loci so faranalyzed, however, was not enough to obtain highly plausible estimation of genetic divergence among those subspecies groups. The present study attempted to get the more reliable estimation of it by using the larger number of loci. We employed 60 kinds of MIT PCR primers to det … More ect the length polymorphism of microsatellite DNAs. Eight kinds of inbred strains established in National Institute of Genetics in Mishima from various wild mice covering the three major subspecies groups were used in the present analyzes. MAL strain originated from Malysia, CAST from Thailand and HMI from Taiwan in castaneus subspcies group, MSM from Japan, SWN and KJR from Korea, BLG2 form Bulgaria and NJL from Denmark in musculus group, and BFM from France in domesticus group were analyzed. Dendrogram constructed from the length polymorphism of microsatellite DNAs by NJ method well agreed with the previous one mentioned above. Only discrepancy in this analysis with the previous one was BLG2 which was estimated as domesticus group, not musculus one, Since the number of lici compared in the present assay were considerably large, BLG2 should be included in domesticus subspecies group, though the genetic introgression of musculus group to some extent could not be excluded. Estimation of genetic distance between two populations based on the relatively larger number of polymorphic microsatellite DNAs seems to be considerably reliable. Less