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In vivo and in vitro comparative studies on the regulation of morphogenesis in crop plants

作物形态建成调控的体内外比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
01304010
负责人：
MAEDA Eizo
金额：
$ 8.9万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In vivo embryogenes of rice plant and differentiation process of rice callus in vitro were compared. In vitro embryogenesis was not observed in rice callus. ABA and high concentrations of sugars promoted differentiation of rice callus when they were applied during subculture before differentiation treatment. Development of sclerenchyma in the root cortex of several gramineous plants was promoted under water stress conditions. Apparently cortical sclerenchyma is an inducible tissue. (+) ABA and brassinolide stimulated germination of old seeds of gramineous and leguminous plants. A calorimetric method was developed to estimate rapidly and nondestructively the germination viability of seeds. Anomalies of sexual organogenesis in rice spikelets induced by heat and drought stresses were examined by electron microscopy and hormone content was estimated. Involvement of GA and ABA was suggested. Development of pollen grains and anther, tissues was examined. Microspores were found to be activated in the early stages of tapatum hypertrophy. Embryo-in-ovule culture was performed in apple and Malus Plunifolia, a root stock for apple tree cultivation. Seedlings were obtained from embryos germinated in vitro. Fusion process of protoplasts was examined by electron microscopy in rice and soybean. Dye was introduced into living cells with a laser processor. Green callus was established in sun plant, an NADP-ME type C_4 plant, and chloroplast ultrastructure in the tissue was examined. Stacking of thylakoids was not suppressed even in the cells next to the vascular bundle in the callus. Floral bud was directly induced on the giant doom of finger millet. Structural features of the giant doom and the in vitro embryo of Bermuda grass were examined. A highly regenerable cell line was isolated from callus of Nicotianii glutinosa, and its structural features and soluble amino acid composition were characterized.

比较了水稻植株体内胚性发生和水稻愈伤组织离体分化过程。在水稻愈伤组织中未观察到离体胚胎发生。在分化处理前的继代培养过程中，添加阿坝和高浓度的糖对水稻愈伤组织的分化有促进作用。水分胁迫促进了几种禾本科植物根皮层厚壁组织的发育。显然皮层厚壁组织是一种可诱导的组织。（+）阿坝和油菜素能促进禾本科和豆科植物的老种子萌发。建立了一种快速、无损地测定种子发芽势的量热法。用电镜观察了高温和干旱胁迫诱导的水稻颖花性器官发生异常，并测定了激素含量。GA和阿坝参与了这一过程。观察了花粉粒和花药组织的发育过程。小孢子在绒毡层肥大的早期被激活。以苹果和苹果砧木多叶海棠（Malus Plunifolia）为试材，进行了胚-胚珠培养。从离体萌发的胚获得幼苗。用电子显微镜观察了水稻和大豆原生质体的融合过程。用激光处理器将染料注入活细胞。以NADP-ME型C_4植物sun植株为材料，建立了绿色愈伤组织，并对其叶绿体超微结构进行了观察。即使在愈伤组织中靠近维管束的细胞中，类囊体的堆积也没有受到抑制。在大胚指谷上直接诱导花芽。本文研究了狗牙根的巨胚和离体胚的结构特征。从烟草愈伤组织中分离到一个可再生性很强的细胞系，并对其结构特征和可溶性氨基酸组成进行了分析。