In vivo and in vitro comparative studies on the regulation of morphogenesis in crop plants

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In vivo embryogenes of rice plant and differentiation process of rice callus in vitro were compared. In vitro embryogenesis was not observed in rice callus. ABA and high concentrations of sugars promoted differentiation of rice callus when they were applied during subculture before differentiation treatment. Development of sclerenchyma in the root cortex of several gramineous plants was promoted under water stress conditions. Apparently cortical sclerenchyma is an inducible tissue. (+) ABA and brassinolide stimulated germination of old seeds of gramineous and leguminous plants. A calorimetric method was developed to estimate rapidly and nondestructively the germination viability of seeds. Anomalies of sexual organogenesis in rice spikelets induced by heat and drought stresses were examined by electron microscopy and hormone content was estimated. Involvement of GA and ABA was suggested. Development of pollen grains and anther, tissues was examined. Microspores were found to be activated in the early stages of tapatum hypertrophy. Embryo-in-ovule culture was performed in apple and Malus Plunifolia, a root stock for apple tree cultivation. Seedlings were obtained from embryos germinated in vitro. Fusion process of protoplasts was examined by electron microscopy in rice and soybean. Dye was introduced into living cells with a laser processor. Green callus was established in sun plant, an NADP-ME type C_4 plant, and chloroplast ultrastructure in the tissue was examined. Stacking of thylakoids was not suppressed even in the cells next to the vascular bundle in the callus. Floral bud was directly induced on the giant doom of finger millet. Structural features of the giant doom and the in vitro embryo of Bermuda grass were examined. A highly regenerable cell line was isolated from callus of Nicotianii glutinosa, and its structural features and soluble amino acid composition were characterized.